Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior
Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior
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动物行为百科全书
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.90701-5
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Briffa M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briffa M
在动物王国中，因有限资源而产生的种内冲突十分普遍。同种动物将争夺交配机会、食物、住所和包含这些资源的领地。因此，竞争行为以及支持它的生理和形态特征是由不同类群中的性选择和自然选择塑造的。虽然武器可以用来对对手造成伤害，但进化博弈论解释了为什么通过非伤害性手段（包括沟通）解决冲突也很普遍。以这种方式解决冲突的对抗信号通常是战斗能力的可靠指标。他们在不同的打斗例子中采取了各种各样的形式。这些包括视觉、听觉和化学信号。这些信号到底包含哪些有关战斗能力的信息，以及失败者如何利用这些信息来决定退出战斗（并放弃资源），这些问题一直是深入研究的焦点，但尚未完全解决。
Intraspecific conflict over limited resources is widespread in the animal kingdom. Conspecifics will compete over mating opportunities, food, shelter and territories that contain these resources. Thus agonistic behavior, and the physiological and morphological traits that support it, has been shaped by both sexual and natural selection in diverse taxa. While weapons can be used to inflict injuries on an opponent, evolutionary game theory explains why conflict resolution through non-injurious means, including communication, is also widespread. The agonistic signals used to resolve conflict in this way are usually reliable indicators of fighting ability. They take a wide variety of forms across different examples of fighting. These include visual, acoustic and chemical signals. Exactly what information about fighting ability these signals contain, and how losers use this information to decide to quit a fight (and relinquish the resource) are questions that have been the focus of intensive research and have yet to be fully resolved.