Magnetic dipole excitations in nuclei: Elementary modes of nucleonic motion
Magnetic dipole excitations in nuclei: Elementary modes of nucleonic motion
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.82.2365
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发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
K. Heyde;P. Neumann-Cosel;A. Richter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Heyde;P. Neumann-Cosel;A. Richter
原子核是宇宙中最多面的多体系统之一。随着各种加速器和探测系统的技术进步，原子核总是以新的方式表现出“有组织”的结构和复杂的层次，这一点一次又一次地让我们感到惊讶。核磁性是本综述中讨论的原子核迷人的一面。我们将不仅限于介绍过去二十年来使用各种探测器（电磁和强子探测器）获得的大量数据集，这些数据集为3 MeV左右的低位轨道剪刀模式提供了充足的证据，尽管在1.5 MeV的能量间隔上是支离破碎的，在5-9 MeV能区，形变核具有较高的自旋翻转强度，也不符合目前发现的球形核中低位质子-中子等矢量四极激发的证据。相反，实验证据是放在理解原子核及其各种结构的良好组织的运动模式的角度，从而扩大了讨论更一般的费米子和玻色子多体系统。
The nucleus is one of the most multifaceted many-body systems in the Universe. It exhibits a multitude of responses depending on the way one ''probes'' it. With increasing technical advancements of beams at the various accelerators and of detection systems the nucleus has, over and over again, surprised us by expressing always new ways of ''organized'' structures and layers of complexity. Nuclear magnetism is one of those fascinating faces of the atomic nucleus discussed in the present review. We shall not just limit ourselves to presenting the by now large data set that has been obtained in the past two decades using various probes, electromagnetic and hadronic alike and that presents ample evidence for a low-lying orbital scissors mode around 3 MeV, albeit fragmented over an energy interval of the order of 1.5 MeV, and higher-lying spin-flip strength in the energy region 5-9 MeV in deformed nuclei nor to the presently discovered evidence for low-lying proton-neutron isovector quadrupole excitations in spherical nuclei. To the contrary, the experimental evidence is put in the perspectives of understanding the atomic nucleus and its various structures of well-organized modes of motion and thus enlarges the discussion to more general fermion and bosonic many-body systems.