The role of storage capacity in coping with intra- and inter-annual water variability in large river basins
The role of storage capacity in coping with intra- and inter-annual water variability in large river basins
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/125001
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Dadson, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaupp, Franziska;Hall, Jim;Dadson, Simon
社会和经济受到多变的供水的挑战。各种规模的蓄水基础设施可有助于缓解水文变异。这项研究使用水平衡模型来调查如何存储容量可以提高世界上403个最重要的河流流域的水安全，通过替代水从潮湿的月份到干燥的月份。我们构建了一个新的水平衡模型为676“流域国家单位”（BCUs），模拟径流，水的使用（从地面和地下水），蒸发和跨界排放。当考虑到水文变化和净取水量，沿着现有的存储能力，我们发现在印度次大陆，北方中国，西班牙，美国西部，澳大利亚和非洲的几个流域的水资源短缺的风险。将流域划分为BCUs能够评估跨界河流的上游依赖性。将环境需水量纳入模型中，我们发现在印度、中国北方、南非、美国西海岸、巴西东部、西班牙和澳大利亚墨累盆地的许多流域，人类对水的需求导致了对生态系统重要的水资源的过度抽取。然后，进行顺序峰值分析，以估计需要多少存储来满足人类的用水需求，同时不危害环境流量。结果与水平衡模型一致，即印度、中国北方、西澳大利亚、西班牙、美国西海岸和非洲几个流域需要更多的蓄水来缓解供水变化并满足水需求。
Societies and economies are challenged by variable water supplies. Water storage infrastructure, on a range of scales, can help to mitigate hydrological variability. This study uses a water balance model to investigate how storage capacity can improve water security in the world's 403 most important river basins, by substituting water from wet months to dry months. We construct a new water balance model for 676 'basin-country units' (BCUs), which simulates runoff, water use (from surface and groundwater), evaporation and trans-boundary discharges. When hydrological variability and net withdrawals are taken into account, along with existing storage capacity, we find risks of water shortages in the Indian subcontinent, Northern China, Spain, the West of the US, Australia and several basins in Africa. Dividing basins into BCUs enabled assessment of upstream dependency in transboundary rivers. Including Environmental Water Requirements into the model, we find that in many basins in India, Northern China, South Africa, the US West Coast, the East of Brazil, Spain and in the Murray basin in Australia human water demand leads to over-abstraction of water resources important to the ecosystem. Then, a Sequent Peak Analysis is conducted to estimate how much storage would be needed to satisfy human water demand whilst not jeopardizing environmental flows. The results are consistent with the water balance model in that basins in India, Northern China, Western Australia, Spain, the US West Coast and several basins in Africa would need more storage to mitigate water supply variability and to meet water demand.