Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment.
Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment.
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作者：
Heller JP;Rusakov DA
大脑中记忆的形成被认为依赖于突触连接的重塑，这最终导致神经网络的重新布线。这种重塑可能涉及超薄的星形胶质突起，通常发生在兴奋性突触附近。然而，这种星形胶质细胞重组的现象学、细胞机制和因果关系仍然知之甚少。这在很大程度上是因为在纳米尺度上监测和探测支撑星形胶质细胞的分子机制仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们简要总结目前关于星形胶质细胞在突触微环境中的细胞组织的知识，并讨论可能涉及使用依赖的星形胶质细胞形态发生的分子机制。我们还讨论了关于形态星形胶质可塑性的最新观察，各自的监测方法，以及一些新出现的技术，可能有助于该地区的概念性进展。Glia 2015；63：2133-2151
Memory formation in the brain is thought to rely on the remodeling of synaptic connections which eventually results in neural network rewiring. This remodeling is likely to involve ultrathin astroglial protrusions which often occur in the immediate vicinity of excitatory synapses. The phenomenology, cellular mechanisms, and causal relationships of such astroglial restructuring remain, however, poorly understood. This is in large part because monitoring and probing of the underpinning molecular machinery on the scale of nanoscopic astroglial compartments remains a challenge. Here we briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding the cellular organisation of astroglia in the synaptic microenvironment and discuss molecular mechanisms potentially involved in use‐dependent astroglial morphogenesis. We also discuss recent observations concerning morphological astroglial plasticity, the respective monitoring methods, and some of the newly emerging techniques that might help with conceptual advances in the area. GLIA 2015;63:2133–2151