Rwanda - lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children.
Rwanda - lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children.
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DOI：
10.1186/1752-1505-7-6
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发表时间：
2013-03-26
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Elbert, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rieder, Heide;Elbert, Thomas
背景：1994年对卢旺达图西族人的种族灭绝在仅仅三个月的时间内造成大约一百万人死亡。本研究旨在研究被指控参与种族灭绝的幸存者和前囚犯及其各自后代的创伤暴露水平、精神病理学和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的风险因素。方法：2010年5月至7月，在卢旺达南部省穆汉加县的四个区开展了以社区为基础的调查。受过训练的当地心理学家对种族灭绝幸存者（n=90）、前囚犯（n=83）及其各自的后代进行了访谈。PTSD症状量表访谈（PSS-I）用于评估PTSD， Hopkins症状检查表（HSCL-25）用于评估抑郁和焦虑症状，M.I.N.I.的相关部分用于评估自杀风险。结果：幸存者报告说他们平均经历了12种不同的创伤性事件类型，而前囚犯组则经历了10种不同的创伤性事件类型。在父辈中，与前囚犯相比，幸存者表示更容易受到抑郁症状的影响(M=20.7 （SD=7.8）对M=19.0 (SD=6.4)， U=2993, p
BACKGROUND: The 1994 genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda left about one million people dead in a period of only three months. The present study aimed to examine the level of trauma exposure, psychopathology, and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors and former prisoners accused of participation in the genocide as well as in their respective descendants.METHODS: A community-based survey was conducted in four sectors of the Muhanga district in the Southern Province of Rwanda from May to July 2010. Genocide survivors (n=90), former prisoners (n=83) and their respective descendants were interviewed by trained local psychologists. The PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (PSS-I) was used to assess PTSD, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety and the relevant section of the M.I.N.I. to assess the risk for suicidality.RESULTS: Survivors reported that they had experienced on average twelve different traumatic event types in comparison to ten different types of traumatic stressors in the group of former prisoners. According to the PSS-I, the worst events reported by survivors were mainly linked to witnessing violence throughout the period of the genocide, whereas former prisoners emphasized being physically attacked, referring to their time spent in refugee camps or to their imprisonment. In the parent generation, when compared to former prisoners, survivors indicated being more affected by depressive symptoms (M=20.7 (SD=7.8) versus M=19.0 (SD=6.4), U=2993, p