Dynamic Processes Within Associative Memory Stores Piecing Together the Neural Basis of Creative Cognition
Dynamic Processes Within Associative Memory Stores Piecing Together the Neural Basis of Creative Cognition
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511606915.005
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Viskontas, Indre V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bristol, Adam S.;Viskontas, Indre V.
记忆力是创造力的基础。例如，考虑一下沃拉斯（Wallas，1926）基于亥姆霍兹（Helmholtz，1896）的观点提出的创造力的经典四阶段模型。在这种模式中，创造性成就通过准备、孵化、启发和验证来实现。显然，记忆过程在这个模型的每一个阶段都很重要。准备阶段，在这个阶段中，获得了足够的知识，创造性的领域，必然涉及广泛的编码信息和能力，随着时间的推移，保留这些信息。验证是对创造性成果的准确性或实用性进行评估的阶段，必须包括检索评估所需的信息和技能。孵化和启发阶段涉及记忆过程，因为先前获得的信息被重新组合以产生和识别新的想法。记忆是如何如此灵活，以至于以一种方式获得的信息可以以许多其他方式被操纵和概括的？这些动态记忆过程背后的大脑机制有什么线索？在本章中，我们试图通过将创造性认知概念化为一组可分离但相互依赖的认知过程来解决这些问题，这些过程共同产生创造性输出。我们特别感兴趣的是与存储在记忆中的信息相互作用的过程，以促进或阻碍创新的思想重组，这是创造性认知的特征。我们首先描述了创造力的联想主义方法，这种方法适用于各种认知和神经科学分析。这一讨论为我们整合最近发现的人类记忆提取的性质与创造性思维者定义的认知过程提供了一个先驱。更具体地说，我们考虑了创造性个体的一个经常被引用的属性，减少的行为和认知抑制（减少的行为和认知抑制，例如，Eysenck，1995; Martindale，1999），并将其与最近的见解合并
Memory is essential for creativity. Consider, for example, the classical fourstage model of creativity proposed by Wallas (1926), based on the ideas of Helmholtz (1896). In this model, creative achievement occurs through preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. Clearly, memory processes figure prominently at every stage of this model. Preparation, the stage in which adequate knowledge of the creative domain is acquired, necessarily involves extensive encoding of information and the ability to retain that information over time. Verification, the stage in which creative output is evaluated in terms of its accuracy or utility, must involve the retrieval of information and skills necessary for the appraisal. The incubation and illumination stages involve memory processes insofar as previously acquired information is recombined to generate and recognize a novel idea. How can memory be so flexible such that information acquired in one way can be manipulated and recapitulated in so many other ways? What clues are there to the brain mechanisms underlying these dynamic memory processes?We attempt to address these questions in this chapter by conceptualizing creative cognition as a set of separable but interdependent cognitive processes that collectively generate creative output. We are particularly interested in processes that interact with information stored in memory to either facilitate or hinder the novel recombining of ideas that is characteristic of creative cognition. We first describe the associationist approach to creativity, one that is amenable to a variety of cognitive and neuroscientific analyses. This discussion provides a precursor to our integration of recent discoveries on the nature of human memory retrieval with cognitive processes that have been defined in creative thinkers. More specifically, we consider one oft-cited attribute of creative individuals, reduced behavioral and cognitive inhibition (reduced behavioral and cognitive inhibition, for example, Eysenck, 1995; Martindale, 1999), and merge it with recent insights