The Life History of the Alderfly, Sialis aequalis Banks, in an Acid Mine Stream
The Life History of the Alderfly, Sialis aequalis Banks, in an Acid Mine Stream
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酸矿流中赤杨蝇（Sialis aequalis Banks）的生活史
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发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Tarter
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. E. Woodrum;D. Tarter
1970年7月至1971年6月，在西弗吉尼亚州韦恩公司的12 pole Creek的Camp Creek酸性矿流中，对桤木蝇（Sialis aequalis Banks）的生活史进行了深入研究。桤木蝇幼虫是食性的，夏秋两季以摇蝇幼虫作为补充。长度-频率分布表明幼虫需要1年才能完成生命周期。幼虫在6 ~ 7月生长最快（83%）。整个幼虫群需要2-6天才能离开溪流。3月中旬在湿润的沙洲开始化蛹，持续4-5周。4月下旬开始出现成虫，5月初达到高峰。10只雌性的总卵数从402到818不等（平均657）。自然条件下成虫寿命为2周，实验室条件下为1 ~ 7天（平均5.7天）。成人不喂食。矿井污水对水生生物的有害影响早已被认识到。许多作者，包括Lackey（1938年、1939年）、Wichs（1959年）、Parsons（1968年）、USDI（1967年、1968年、1969年）和Nichols（1971年），都报道了酸性矿井排水对溪流水生生物的影响。很少有生命史研究在这样一个不利的环境中进行。本研究考虑了酸矿溪流中桤木蝇（Sialis aequalis Banks）的生活史。Ross（1937）在一本关于新北极桤木蝇的专著中报道了1802年Sialis Latreille属的19种。Townsend（1939）和Flint（1964）分别描述了一个和三个新种。Ross（1937）报道了33个州和加拿大的Sialis属。我们首次报道了在西弗吉尼亚州Tarter和Woodrum（1973）发现的S. aequalis。Camp Creek位于西弗吉尼亚州韦恩公司东林恩（East Lynn）的Twelvepole Creek东叉上的Twelvepole Creek盆地。它起源于土耳其营地Knob附近，由左叉和右叉组成，分别长4.3英里和2.8英里，汇合形成主茎（1.1英里长）。该盆地位于阿巴拉契亚高原地理省的卡纳瓦部分，其特征是一个成熟的高原，质地细腻，起伏适中（克雷伯斯和1）资深作者提交给马歇尔大学研究生院的论文的一部分，部分满足了1971年8月理学硕士学位的要求。
The life history of the alderfly, Sialis aequalis Banks, was studied intensively in an acid mine stream, Camp Creek of Twelvepole Creek, Wayne Co., West Virginia, between July 1970 and June 1971. Alderfly larvae are detritivorous, supplementing their diet with chironomid larvae in summer and autumn. Length-frequency distributions indicate that larvae require 1 year to complete the life cycle. The larvae attain their greatest growth rate from June to July (83%). The entire larval population required 2-6 days for departure from the stream. Pupation began in a moist sandbank in mid-March and lasted 4-5 weeks. Emergence of adults began in late April and reached a peak in early May. Total egg counts from 10 females ranged from 402 to 818 (mean, 657). Adult life span was the 2 weeks in nature and ranged from 1 to 7 days under laboratory conditions (mean, 5.7 days). Adults do not feed. INTRODUCTION The deleterious effects of mine drainage effluent upon aquatic life has long been recognized. Many authors, including Lackey (1938, 1939), Wichs (1959), Parsons (1968), USDI (1967, 1968, 1969) and Nichols (1971), have reported the effects of acid mine drainage on the aquatic life of a stream. Very few life history studies have been conducted on organisms occupying such an unfavorable environment. This study considers the life history of the alderfly, Sialis aequalis Banks, in an acid mine stream. Ross (1937), in a monograph of nearctic alderflies, rep6rted 19 species in the genus Sialis Latreille 1802. Townsend (1939) and Flint (1964) have described one and three new species, respectively, since that monograph. Ross (1937) reported the genus Sialis from 33 states and Canada. We have reported the occurrence of S. aequalis for the first time in West Virginia Tarter and Woodrum (1973). MATERIALS AND METHODS Camp Creek is located in the Twelvepole Creek basin on the East Fork of Twelvepole Creek at East Lynn, Wayne Co., W. Va. It originates in the vicinity of Turkey Camp Knob and consists of a left and right fork, 4.3 and 2.8 miles in length, respectively, converging to form the main stem (1.1 miles long). This discharges into the left fork of Twelvepole Creek at East Lynn, W. Va. The basin is located in the Kanawha section of the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province which is characterized by a mature plateau of fine texture with moderate to strong relief (Krebs and 1 Part of a thesis submitted by the senior author to the Graduate School, Marshall University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, August 1971.