Protistan grazing impacts microbial communities and carbon cycling at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Protistan grazing impacts microbial communities and carbon cycling at deep-sea hydrothermal vents
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原生生物放牧影响深海热液喷口的微生物群落和碳循环

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2102674118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Huber, Julie A.
Huber, Julie A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hu, Sarah K.;Herrera, Erica L.;Smith, Amy R.;Pachiadaki, Maria G.;Edgcomb, Virginia P.;Sylva, Sean P.;Chan, Eric W.;Seewald, Jeffrey S.;German, Christopher R.;Huber, Julie A.

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海洋生态系统中的微生物真核生物(或原生生物)是初级生产者和所有更高营养级之间的联系,异养原生生物食草动物消耗微生物猎物的速率是微生物食物网中碳运输和循环的关键机制。在深海热液喷口,化学合成细菌和古生菌构成了食物网的基础,在没有阳光的情况下发挥作用,但原生生物食草动物在这些高产生态系统中的作用基本上没有得到探索。在这里,我们配对放牧实验与分子调查,以量化原生生物放牧和表征喷口相关的原生生物在低温扩散排气流体从戈尔达岭在东北太平洋的组成。结果表明,原生生物在喷口比周围的深海环境施加更高的捕食压力,并可能占消耗28%至62%的原核生物量内排放热液喷口流体的日常库存。喷口相关的原生生物群落物种丰富的背景深海,喷口微生物的分布和共生模式提供了更多的见解潜在的捕食者-猎物的相互作用。纤毛虫,其次是腰鞭毛虫,Syndiniales,根瘤菌,和stratifiles,占主导地位的喷口原生生物群落,包括食菌物种,已知的宿主共生体的物种,和寄生虫。我们的研究结果提供了热液喷口食物网内原生生物放牧压力的估计,突出了不同的原生生物群落在深海碳循环中发挥的重要作用。
Microbial eukaryotes (or protists) in marine ecosystems are a link between primary producers and all higher trophic levels, and the rate at which heterotrophic protistan grazers consume microbial prey is a key mechanism for carbon transport and recycling in microbial food webs. At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the base of a food web that functions in the absence of sunlight, but the role of protistan grazers in these highly productive ecosystems is largely unexplored. Here, we pair grazing experiments with a molecular survey to quantify protistan grazing and to characterize the composition of vent-associated protists in low-temperature diffuse venting fluids from Gorda Ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Results reveal protists exert higher predation pressure at vents compared to the surrounding deep seawater environment and may account for consuming 28 to 62% of the daily stock of prokaryotic biomass within discharging hydrothermal vent fluids. The vent-associated protistan community was more species rich relative to the background deep sea, and patterns in the distribution and co-occurrence of vent microbes provide additional insights into potential predator–prey interactions. Ciliates, followed by dinoflagellates, Syndiniales, rhizaria, and stramenopiles, dominated the vent protistan community and included bacterivorous species, species known to host symbionts, and parasites. Our findings provide an estimate of protistan grazing pressure within hydrothermal vent food webs, highlighting the important role that diverse protistan communities play in deep-sea carbon cycling.
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