Shallow processing: a consequence of bilingualism or second language learning?
Shallow processing: a consequence of bilingualism or second language learning?
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浅层处理：双语或第二语言学习的结果？
DOI：
10.1017/s0142716406060061
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
S. Carroll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Carroll
Clahsen和Felser（CF）回顾了开创性的工作，一方面比较了单语儿童和成人的语言处理类型，另一方面比较了单语第一语言（L1）成人和成人第二语言（L2）学习者的语言处理类型。他们认为，儿童的行为基本上像成年人，但成年人的第二语言学习者，即使是高水平的，不。因此，不同类型的学习者之间存在着原则性的差异;在单语发展中可以观察到机制和过程的连续性，但第二语言习得表现出某些根本性的差异。特别是，第二语言学习者构建浅句法结构（基本上无法计算迹链）时，处理长距离填充空缺的依赖关系。根据浅层结构假设（SSH），学习者通过为论元表达式分配主位角色并将修饰语与其宿主相关联，立即以最小的语义表征来理解输入的单词。他们没有将详细而完整的句法表征映射到语义表征上。
Clahsen and Felser (CF) review ground-breaking work comparing selected types of language processing in monolingual children and adults, on the one hand, and in monolingual first language (L1) adults and adult second language (L2) learners, on the other. They argue that children behave essentially like adults, but that adult L2 learners, even high-proficiency ones, do not. Thus, there is a principled difference to be made among types of learners; there is continuity of mechanism and process to be observed in monolingual development but L2 acquisition exhibits certain fundamental differences. In particular, L2 learners construct shallow syntactic structures (essentially failing to compute trace chains) when processing long-distance filler-gap dependencies. According to the shallow structure hypothesis (SSH), learners immediately interpret incoming words in a minimal semantic representation by assigning thematic roles to argument expressions and associating modifiers to their hosts. They are not mapping detailed and complete syntactic representations onto semantic representations.