Life Cycle Impacts and Techno-economic Implications of Flash Hydrolysis in Algae Processing
Life Cycle Impacts and Techno-economic Implications of Flash Hydrolysis in Algae Processing
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DOI：
10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03912
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Kumar, Sandeep
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bessette, Andrew P.;Teymouri, Ali;Kumar, Sandeep
从营养物中产生副产物旨在通过最大限度地减少生命周期影响和提高经济可持续性来提高藻类衍生运输燃料的可持续性。尽管藻类养殖产生的脂类可以升级为运输燃料产品中的降脂，但生命周期评估和技术经济分析表明，如果没有副产品，无论采用何种加工方法，能源/经济回报都会减少。本研究利用闪蒸水解（FH）、水热液化（HTL）和副产物转化技术（大气降水/AP；热液矿化/HTM）来保存最可回收的营养物质，使副产物市场化。研究人员开发了六种生物燃料途径，并在“油井到泵”能源、生命周期温室气体（LC-GHG）排放和经济盈利方面进行了比较：可再生柴油II （RDII）、可再生汽油（RG）和加氢处理的可再生喷气（HRJ）燃料，每种途径都对AP和HTM副产物转化进行了建模。可用能量为1 MJ的功能单位。RG由于具有多种副产物，具有良好的能源投资回报率（EROI）。所有模型均表现出良好的EROI （EROI bb0.1）。低碳温室气体排放量与EROI相一致，因此RG产生的排放量最少。HRJ-HTM盈利能力指数（PI）为0.75，为最具盈利能力的模型。敏感性分析表明，脱水对EROI和PI有显著影响。为了达到收支平衡，汽油必须卖到4.10美元/加仑，柴油必须卖到5.64美元/加仑，航空燃油必须卖到3.43美元/加仑。
Generation of coproducts from nutrients is purported to improve the sustainability of algae-derived transportation fuels by minimizing life cycle impacts and improving economic sustainability. Although algae cultivation produces lipids that is upgraded to drop in transportation fuel products, life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis have shown that without coproducts, energy/economic returns are diminishing regardless of processing methods. This study utilizes a combined flash hydrolysis (FH), hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), and coproduct conversion technology (atmospheric precipitation/AP; hydrothermal mineralization/HTM) to conserve the most recyclable nutrients for coproduct marketability. Six biofuel pathways were developed and compared in terms of "well-to-pump" energy, life cycle greenhouse gas (LC-GHG) emissions, and economic profitability: renewable diesel II (RDII), renewable gasoline (RG), and hydroprocessed renewable jet (HRJ) fuel, each were modeled for AP and HTM coproduct conversion. A functional unit of 1 MJ usable energy was employed. RG showed a promising energy-return-on-investment (EROI) due to multiple coproducts. All models demonstrated favorable EROI (EROI > 1). LC-GHG emissions tie in with EROI such that RG produced the least emissions. HRJ-HTM was determined to be the most profitable model with a profitability index (PI) of 0.75. Sensitivity analyses revealed that dewatering affects EROI and PI significantly. To achieve break-even, gasoline must sell at $4.10/gal, diesel at $5.64/gal, and jet fuel at $3.43/gal.