Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition:: The cultural intelligence hypothesis
Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition:: The cultural intelligence hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1146282
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发表时间：
2007-09-07
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Tomasello, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrmann, Esther;Call, Josep;Tomasello, Michael
人类有许多认知技能，这是他们最近的灵长类亲戚所没有的。文化智力假说认为，这主要是由于个体发育早期出现的一套特定物种的社会认知技能，用于参与和交流文化群体中的知识。我们通过对大量人类最近的两个灵长类近亲--黑猩猩和猩猩，以及识字和上学前2.5岁的人类儿童--进行了一系列全面的认知测试，从而验证了这一假设。我们支持文化智力假说，并反驳了人类只是拥有更“一般智力”的假说。我们发现，儿童和黑猩猩在处理物理世界方面的认知能力非常相似，但在处理社交世界方面，儿童的认知能力比这两个类人猿物种中的任何一个都更复杂。
Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more "general intelligence," we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.