A spatiotemporal multi-hazard exposure assessment based on property data
A spatiotemporal multi-hazard exposure assessment based on property data
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DOI：
10.5194/nhess-15-2127-2015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Zischg, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuchs, S.;Keiler, M.;Zischg, A.
本文提出了一个全国性的空间明确的基于对象的评估建筑物和公民暴露在奥地利的自然灾害，包括河流洪水，暴雨洪水和雪崩。评估基于两个不同的数据集，(a)危害信息提供了暴露于危险元素的输入，(b)综合了国家层面上不同空间数据的建筑存量信息。危害信息是从两个不同的来源汇编的。对于暴雨洪水和雪崩，可用的局部危险地图被使用，对于河流洪水，可用的全国洪水模型eHORA的结果。关于建筑存量的信息包括每栋建筑的位置和大小，以及建筑类别和建造周期的信息。每个物业都包含了与各个楼层相关的额外信息，例如高度和净面积、主要用途和配置。此外，该数据集具有人口登记的接口，因此可以检索每栋建筑物的主要居民人数。除宗教建筑外，使用经济模块计算建筑物的货币价值，使用(a)建筑物登记册的信息，如建筑物类型，层数和用途，以及(b)区域平均建筑成本。报告表明，由于人口持续增长和相关资产的增加，必须通过当地建筑存量的发展来仔细评估反复提出的风险增加的假设。虽然一些地区的资产增长明显高于平均水平，但其他地区的发展却低于平均水平。这反映了这个国家的地形，也反映了不同的经济活动。虽然酒店和旅舍特别容易受到洪水的影响，但商业楼宇以及用作娱乐用途的楼宇也相当容易受到洪水的影响。与总体建筑存量中这类建筑的数量相比，住宅建筑的暴露程度为平均水平。总而言之，约5%的建筑物暴露于暴雨洪水，约9%的建筑物暴露于河流洪水，约1%的建筑物多重暴露。暴露的时间评估显示，与总体财产存量相比，不同危险类别暴露的动态有相当大的差异。综上所述，本文提出的基于对象的评估方法是一种重要的、适用于全国范围内的暴露评估工具，可用于操作风险管理。
The paper presents a nation-wide spatially explicit object-based assessment of buildings and citizens exposed to natural hazards in Austria, including river flooding, torrential flooding, and snow avalanches. The assessment was based on two different data sets, (a) hazard information providing input to the exposure of elements at risk, and (b) information on the building stock combined from different spatial data available on the national level. Hazard information was compiled from two different sources. For torrential flooding and snow avalanches available local-scale hazard maps were used, and for river flooding the results of the countrywide flood modelling eHORA were available. Information on the building stock contained information on the location and size of each building, as well as on the building category and the construction period. Additional information related to the individual floors, such as their height and net area, main purpose and configuration, was included for each property. Moreover, this data set has an interface to the population register and allowed, therefore, for retrieving the number of primary residents for each building. With the exception of sacral buildings, an economic module was used to compute the monetary value of buildings using (a) the information of the building register such as building type, number of storeys and utilisation, and (b) regionally averaged construction costs. It is shown that the repeatedly stated assumption of increasing exposure due to continued population growth and related increase in assets has to be carefully evaluated by the local development of building stock. While some regions have shown a clearly above-average increase in assets, other regions were characterised by a below-average development. This mirrors the topography of the country, but also the different economic activities. While hotels and hostels are extraordinarily prone to torrential flooding, commercial buildings as well as buildings used for recreational purposes are considerably exposed to river flooding. Residential buildings have shown an average exposure, compared to the number of buildings of this type in the overall building stock. In sum, around 5% of all buildings are exposed to torrential flooding, and around 9% to river flooding, with around 1% of the buildings stock being multi-exposed. The temporal assessment of exposure has shown considerable differences in the dynamics of exposure to different hazard categories in comparison to the overall property stock. In conclusion, the presented object-based assessment is an important and suitable tool for nation-wide exposure assessment and may be used in operational risk management.