Guttation droplets of Penicillium nordicum and Penicillium verrucosum contain high concentrations of the mycotoxins ochratoxin A and B
Guttation droplets of Penicillium nordicum and Penicillium verrucosum contain high concentrations of the mycotoxins ochratoxin A and B
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DOI：
10.1007/s11046-007-9003-1
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Gareis, Eva-Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gareis, Manfred;Gareis, Eva-Maria
当在 Czapek 酵母提取物 (CYA) 琼脂上于 25°C 生长 10-14 天时，11 种北青霉和疣状青霉产赭曲霉毒素分离株中的 8 株产生滴滴。在麦芽提取物琼脂上平行培养北青霉和疣状青霉各一种菌株表明，这种琼脂上产生了更多量的渗出液。然而，HPLC 分析显示，CYA 培养物产生的液滴中赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA) 和 B (OTB) 浓度较高。为了定量测定霉菌毒素含量，将北欧 P. Nordicum 和 P. verrucosum 的三个分离株作为单点培养物在 CYA 上于 25°C 培养长达 14 天。在第 11 天和第 14 天之间，用微升注射器从每个培养物中小心收集滴液。通过 HPLC 分析渗出物和相应菌丝体以及无真菌琼脂的提取物中赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA) 和 B (OTB) 的存在情况。在胃液中检测到的平均浓度范围为每毫升 92.7-8667.0 ng OTA 和 159.7-2943.3 ng OTB。在相应的菌丝体样品（9.0-819.3 ng OTA 和 4.5-409.7 ng OTB/g）和无真菌琼脂（15.3-417.0 ng OTA 和 12.7-151.3 ng OTB/g）中发现毒素水平显着降低。这是第一份表明大量霉菌毒素可以从产毒青霉分离株中排泄到滴液中的报告。
Eight of eleven ochratoxigenic isolates of Penicillium nordicum and Penicillium verrucosum produced guttation droplets when grown on Czapek yeast extract (CYA) agar for 10-14 days at 25 degrees C. Parallel cultivation of one strain each of P. nordicum and P. verrucosum on malt extract agar demonstrated that higher volumes of exudate are produced on this agar. However, HPLC analyses revealed higher concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) and B (OTB) in droplets originating from cultures on CYA. For quantitative determination of the mycotoxin contents, triplicates of three isolates each of P. nordicum and P. verrucosum were grown as single spot cultures on CYA for up to 14 days at 25 degrees C. Guttation droplets were carefully collected between day 11 and 14 with a microliter syringe from each culture. Extracts from exudates and corresponding mycelia as well as fungal free agar were analyzed by HPLC for the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and B (OTB). Mean concentrations ranging between 92.7-8667.0 ng OTA and 159.7-2943.3 ng OTB per ml were detected in the guttation fluids. Considerably lower toxin levels were found in corresponding samples of the underlying mycelia (9.0-819.3 ng OTA and 4.5-409.7 ng OTB/g) and fungal free agar (15.3-417.0 ng OTA and 12.7-151.3 ng OTB/g). This is the first report which shows that high amounts of mycotoxins could be excreted from toxigenic Penicillium isolates into guttation droplets.