Health in an Age of Globalization
Health in an Age of Globalization
复制标题
全球化时代的健康
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.567841
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Deaton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Deaton
从最早的时候起，疾病就伴随着货物和人传播。武装全球化传播疾病，以至于消灭整个人口。疾病的地理位置塑造了整个贫穷世界的殖民和工业化模式。许多人认为，当前的全球化对公共卫生构成了相关威胁。多边和双边贸易协定并不总是充分代表贫穷国家的利益，《服务贸易总协定》可能会限制签署国制定自己的保健系统的自由，目前的知识产权安排是否符合感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的贫穷国家公民的利益尚不清楚。然而，就全球化促进经济增长的程度而言，人口健康可能会受益，而且在过去50年里，贫困和国际预期寿命不平等现象大幅减少。虽然贫穷与预期寿命水平之间存在着很强的反向关系，但预期寿命的增长与增长率之间的相关性很弱，而且在过去十年中，艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病扩大了国际上预期寿命方面的不平等。健康知识和治疗方法从一个富裕国家迅速传播到另一个富裕国家，导致世界富人，特别是男性的成人死亡率迅速趋同。如果能加速从富国向穷国的传播，全球化将对全球健康有很大帮助。
Disease has traveled with goods and people since the earliest times. Armed globalization spread disease, to the extent of eliminating entire populations. The geography of disease shaped patterns of colonization and industrialization throughout the now poor world. Many see related threats to public health from current globalization. Multilateral and bilateral trade agreements do not always adequately represent the interests of poor countries, the General Agreement on Trade in Services may restrict the freedom of signatories to shape their own health delivery systems, and it remains unclear whether current arrangements for intellectual property rights are in the interests of citizens of poor countries with HIV/AIDS. However, to the extent that globalization promotes economic growth, population health may benefit, and there has been substantial reductions in poverty and in international inequalities in life-expectancy over the last 50 years. Although there is a strong inverse relationship between the poverty and life-expectancy in levels, gains in life expectancy have been only weakly correlated with growth rates and, in the last decade, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has widened international inequalities in life expectancy. The rapid transmission of health knowledge and therapies from one rich country to another has led to a swift convergence of adult mortality rates among the rich of the world, particularly men. Globalization would do much for global health if transmission from rich to poor countries could be accelerated.