Magnetoencephalography: From Signals to Dynamic Cortical Networks
Magnetoencephalography: From Signals to Dynamic Cortical Networks
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脑磁图：从信号到动态皮质网络
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-00087-5
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Aine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Margot J. Taylor;C. Urbain;Elizabeth W. Pang;S. Supek;C. Aine
神经科学研究提供了有关大脑的解剖和结构组成和组织的非常详细的信息，但仍然缺乏对其功能原理的深入了解。为了推进这种理解，科学家需要将他们的新研究问题与能够以足够详细程度提供有关大脑功能的信息的仪器相匹配，从而有可能解决非常快速演变的大脑活动模式，同时还提供必要的空间细节和准确性。直到 50 年前，脑电图 (EEG) 是唯一能够以毫秒时间分辨率直接测量神经元活动的无创技术。然而，随着脑磁图（MEG）的诞生，功能性大脑活动现在可以通过这种时间分辨率在新的空间细节水平上得到解决。 MEG 在实际研究中的应用始于 20 世纪 70 年代初的首次实时测量。在接下来的十年中，多通道脑磁图系统的开发与正常大脑活动和临床研究（尤其是癫痫患者）的研究同时进行。第一个拥有 100 多个通道的全头 MEG 系统于 1992 年推出。到本世纪末，数百台此类仪器已交付给世界各地的研究人员和临床医生。通过神经科学家、临床医生、物理学家、数学家和工程师之间的积极互动，开发了实验方法和分析方法，将 MEG 确立为研究健康和患病大脑的重要方法。随着低噪声室温磁场传感器和新颖分析方法的出现，我们现在正处于一场革命的边缘，这场革命将极大地提高 MEG 的灵敏度和空间分辨率，并将特别促进其在早期大脑发育和神经退行性疾病研究以及自然情况下和人际互动期间大脑功能的研究中的应用。本章重点介绍仪器和分析工具的开发，这些工具和分析工具已经并将继续使 MEG 作为研究大脑功能的非侵入性工具蓬勃发展。本章的最后一部分提供了经验丰富的研究人员在成功开展 MEG 研究方面获得的经验教训，并必然强调其他问题，例如研究问题的制定和实验方案的创建。
Neuroscience studies have provided highly detailed information about the anatomical and structural composition and organization of the brain, but insights into its functional principles are still lacking. To advance this understanding, scientists need to match their new research questions with instruments that provide information about the brain’s functionality at a sufficient level of detail with a potential to resolve the very rapidly evolving patterns of brain activity while also providing the necessary spatial detail and accuracy. Until 50 years ago, electroencephalography (EEG) was the only noninvasive technique capable of directly measuring neuronal activity with a millisecond time resolution. However, with the birth of magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional brain activity can now be resolved with this time resolution at a new level of spatial detail. The use of MEG in practical studies began with the first real-time measurements in the beginning of the 1970s. During the following decade, multichannel MEG systems were developed in parallel with both investigations of normal brain activity and clinical studies, especially in epileptic patients. The first whole-head MEG system with more than 100 channels was introduced in 1992. By the end of the century, hundreds of such instruments had been delivered to researchers and clinicians worldwide. With vibrant interaction between neuroscientists, clinicians, physicists, mathematicians, and engineers, the experimental approaches and analysis methods were developed to establish MEG as an important method to study healthy and diseased brains. With the advent of low-noise roomtemperature magnetic field sensors and novel analysis approaches, we are now at the verge of a revolution that will critically improve both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of MEG and will especially advance its use in studies of early brain development and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as investigations of brain function in naturalistic situations and during interpersonal interactions. This chapter focuses on instrumentation and analysis tool developments, which have enabled and continue to enable MEG to flourish as a noninvasive tool to study brain function. The final section of this chapter offers lessons learned from seasoned investigators on conducting successful MEG studies, necessarily emphasizing additional issues such as the formulation of the research question and creation of experimental protocols.
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DOI：
10.1097/01.chi.0000140452.51205.8d
发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Tamm, L;Menon, V;Reiss, AL
通讯作者：
Reiss, AL
8 岁极低出生体重儿童的健康状况：儿童和家长的视角。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hack,Maureen;Forrest,ChristopherB;Schluchter,Mark;Taylor,HGerry;Drotar,Dennis;Holmbeck,Grayson;Andreias,Laura
通讯作者：
Andreias,Laura
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Luna, B;Garver, KE;Sweeney, JA
通讯作者：
Sweeney, JA
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Saxe, Rebecca R.;Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan;Pelphrey, Kevin A.
通讯作者：
Pelphrey, Kevin A.