Influence of Long‐term Cropping Systems on Soil Physical Properties Related to Soil Erodibility
Influence of Long‐term Cropping Systems on Soil Physical Properties Related to Soil Erodibility
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2003.6370
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发表时间：
2003-03
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
A. Rachman;S. Anderson;C. Gantzer;A. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Rachman;S. Anderson;C. Gantzer;A. Thompson
轮作和施肥被认为会改变土壤质量。本研究旨在量化密苏里州哥伦比亚市桑伯恩菲尔德 100 多年的连续作物管理和每年施肥对选定土壤物理性质的影响。从连续玉米 (Zea mays L.)、连续小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.)、连续蒂莫西 (Phleum pratense L.) 和玉米-小麦-红三叶草 (Trifolium pratense L.) 轮作中收集完整的土壤芯（内径 76 毫米 x 76 毫米）。土壤是墨西哥粉质壤土（细土、蒙脱石土、中性土、Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs）。对土壤进行了为期一年的骨料稳定性、单滴降雨飞溅脱离和土壤剪切强度测试。耕作制度影响团聚稳定性（P < 0.01）、土壤强度（P < 0.01）和飞溅脱离（P < 0.01），但不影响堆积密度。与连作小麦或连作玉米相比，连作梯牧草生产的土壤团聚稳定性提高了三到四倍，土壤强度提高了 21% 到 27%，土壤飞溅减少了 55% 到 67%。季节显着影响所有测量的土壤特性，但效果不一致。所有处理的聚集体稳定性均在 7 月份达到最高。与其他土壤测量方法相比，飞溅分离对耕作制度更敏感，因此是评估土壤可蚀性变化的最佳方法。积累植物残留物的耕作和土壤管理可以通过提高土壤团聚体稳定性、剪切强度和抗飞溅脱离能力来改善土壤质量。
Crop rotations and manure application are thought to alter soil quality. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of over 100 yr of continuous crop management and annual manure applications on selected soil physical properties at Sanborn Field, Columbia, MO. Intact soil cores (76 mm i.d. by 76 mm) were collected from continuous corn (Zea mays L.), continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), continuous timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and a rotation of corn-wheat-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). The soil was Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic, Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs). Soil was tested throughout a 1-yr period for aggregate stability, single-drop rainfall splash detachment, and soil shear strength. Cropping systems affected aggregate stability (P < 0.01), soil strength (P < 0.01), and splash detachment (P < 0.01), but not bulk density. Continuous cropping to timothy produced soil that had three to four times greater aggregate stability, 21 to 27% greater soil strength, and 55 to 67% less soil splash compared with continuous wheat or continuous corn. Season significantly affected all measured soil properties, but the effect was inconsistent. The highest aggregate stability was found during July for all treatments. Splash detachment was more sensitive to cropping systems than other soil measures, and thereby the best measure for evaluating changes in soil erodibility. Cropping and soil management that accumulate plant residues can improve soil quality by increasing soil aggregate stability, shear strength, and resistance to splash detachment.