Enantioselective, intermolecular benzylic C-H amination catalysed by an engineered iron-haem enzyme.

Enantioselective, intermolecular benzylic C-H amination catalysed by an engineered iron-haem enzyme.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchem.2783
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发表时间:
2017-07
期刊:
影响因子:
21.8
通讯作者:
Arnold FH
Arnold FH
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prier CK;Zhang RK;Buller AR;Brinkmann-Chen S;Arnold FH

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C-H键是有机分子普遍存在的结构单元;虽然这些键通常被认为是化学惰性的,但最近出现的C-H官能化方法有望改变合成化学的方式。C-H键的分子间胺化代表了一种特别理想和具有挑战性的转化,对于这种转化,不存在有效的、高选择性的和可再生的催化剂。在这里,我们报告了基于细胞色素P450单加氧酶的含铁酶催化剂的定向进化,用于苄基C-H键的高度对映选择性分子间胺化。该生物催化剂能够达到1,300次周转,表现出优异的对映选择性,并提供了获得有价值的苄型胺的途径。铁络合物通常是C-H胺化的不良催化剂:在这种催化剂中,酶的蛋白质框架赋予活性,否则不反应的铁血红素辅因子。C-H键的分子间胺化是合成含氮分子的一种可能的转化,但对化学催化剂来说是一种挑战性的活性。在这里,我们设计了一种用于这种反应的铁基酶,证明了蛋白质可以赋予一种难以实现的新功能,而这种新功能原本是不起反应的贱金属。
C–H bonds are ubiquitous structural units of organic molecules; while these bonds are generally considered to be chemically inert, the recent emergence of methods for C–H functionalization promises to transform the way synthetic chemistry is performed. The intermolecular amination of C–H bonds represents a particularly desirable and challenging transformation for which no efficient, highly selective, and renewable catalysts exist. Here we report the directed evolution of an iron-containing enzymatic catalyst, based on a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, for the highly enantioselective, intermolecular amination of benzylic C–H bonds. The biocatalyst is capable of up to 1,300 turnovers, exhibits excellent enantioselectivities, and provides access to valuable benzylic amines. Iron complexes are generally poor catalysts for C–H amination: in this catalyst, the enzyme’s protein framework confers activity on an otherwise unreactive iron-heme cofactor. The intermolecular amination of C–H bonds is an enabling transformation for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules, yet a challenging activity for chemical catalysts. Here we engineer an iron-based enzyme for this reaction, demonstrating that a protein can confer a difficult new function upon an otherwise unreactive base metal.
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