Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets
Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12158
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Burgess, Neil D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butchart, Stuart H. M.;Clarke, Martin;Burgess, Neil D.
各国政府已承诺在全球保护17%的陆地和10%的海洋环境，特别是通过具有生态代表性的保护区系统或其他基于区域的保护措施来保护对生物多样性具有特别重要意义的区域，而个别国家已承诺保护其陆地面积的3% - 50%。我们估计，目前保护区覆盖了14.6%的陆地和2.8%的海洋范围，但59% - 68%的生态区、77% - 78%的生物多样性重要区域以及25380个物种中的57%覆盖不足。现有的1970万平方千米的陆地保护区网络只需增加330万平方千米就能实现17%的陆地覆盖率。然而，要以具有成本效益的方式实现所有国家、生态区、重要区域和物种的覆盖目标，其面积几乎需要翻倍。较贫穷的国家相对缺口最大。如此大规模且快速地扩大正式保护区不太可能实现。因此，需要更加关注替代方法，包括社区和私人管理的区域以及其他有效的基于区域的保护措施。
Governments have committed to conserving 17% of terrestrial and 10% of marine environments globally, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity through ecologically representative Protected Area (PA) systems or other area-based conservation measures, while individual countries have committed to conserve 3-50% of their land area. We estimate that PAs currently cover 14.6% of terrestrial and 2.8% of marine extent, but 59-68% of ecoregions, 77-78% of important sites for biodiversity, and 57% of 25,380 species have inadequate coverage. The existing 19.7 million km(2) terrestrial PA network needs only 3.3 million km(2) to be added to achieve 17% terrestrial coverage. However, it would require nearly doubling to achieve, cost-efficiently, coverage targets for all countries, ecoregions, important sites, and species. Poorer countries have the largest relative shortfalls. Such extensive and rapid expansion of formal PAs is unlikely to be achievable. Greater focus is therefore needed on alternative approaches, including community- and privately managed sites and other effective area-based conservation measures.