SHALL WE GO HOME - INCREASING URBAN POVERTY IN AFRICAN CITIES AND MIGRATION PROCESSES
SHALL WE GO HOME - INCREASING URBAN POVERTY IN AFRICAN CITIES AND MIGRATION PROCESSES
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DOI：
10.2307/3059830
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
POTTS, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
POTTS, D
在许多非洲国家，1980年代的经济衰退，以及货币基金组织结构调整方案的影响，共同摧毁了很大一部分城市人口的实际收入。这种影响并不一定只有那些已经很穷的人才能感受到，尽管毫无疑问，他们往往受到的影响最大。许多公共部门的工作人员以前常常被认为是所谓的“劳动贵族”的一部分，但他们的收入只够维持一小部分人的绝对生活必需品，或者更糟糕的是，他们失去了工作。城市服务的供应量也在下降，而且往往是急剧下降。农村实际收入和城市实际收入之间的差距往往已显著缩小。一些非洲国家的城市发展速度似乎已经大大放缓，而且也有一些证据表明，已经出现了从城市到农村的新形式的“反向移徙”。将试图利用赞比亚、乌干达和坦桑尼亚等不同国家的例子来评估这一证据。
In many African countries, economic decline in the 1980s, and the impact of IMF structural adjustment programmes, combined to devastate the real incomes of a very large proportion of the urban population. The impact has not necessarily only been felt amongst those who were already poor, although undoubtedly they have tended to suffer the most. Many public sector workers, previously often considered to be part of the so-called 'labour aristocracy', were reduced to incomes which only covered a fraction of the absolute necessities of existence, or, worse still, lost their jabs. Urban service provision has also declined, often dramatically. The gap between real rural incomes and real urban incomes has often narrowed considerably. It appears that the rate of urban growth in some African countries has slowed considerably, and there is also some evidence that new forms of 'reverse migration' from urban to rural areas have occurred. An attempt will be made to assess this evidence, drawing on examples from different countries, including Zambia, Uganda and Tanzania.