Violent offences of methamphetamine users and dilemmas of forensic psychiatric assessment.
Violent offences of methamphetamine users and dilemmas of forensic psychiatric assessment.
复制标题
甲基苯丙胺吸食者的暴力犯罪与法医精神病学评估的困境
DOI：
10.1080/20961790.2017.1287155
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Zhao H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Y;Hao B;Shi Y;Xue L;Wang X;Chen Y;Zhao H
摘要甲基苯丙胺是一种成瘾性极强的合成兴奋剂，近年来在我国迅速蔓延，成为使用频率最高的毒品。有长期大量使用MA史的人很有可能表现出类似精神分裂症的精神病症状，主要是指涉妄想、幻听和认知缺陷。这些新发现表明，MA的使用增加了攻击性和暴力，并且MA的使用与暴力之间存在相关性。然而，在证据有限且不一致的情况下，如何评估“MA诱发”精神病的刑事责任能力，如何在精神分裂症和MA诱发精神病之间设定明确界限，目前尚不清楚。此外，一个最终的有说服力的鉴别诊断方法的基础上，提高对精神分裂症和MA引起的精神障碍的理解还有待开发。本文将从流行病学、社会危害性、司法精神病学鉴定等方面对海洛因依赖者进行评价，并对海洛因依赖性精神障碍与精神分裂症的鉴别诊断提出未来的发展方向，对毒品所致精神障碍被告人的刑事责任能力鉴定提出一些切实可行的解决方案。
ABSTRACT Methamphetamine (MA), an extremely addictive synthetic stimulant, has quickly spread to become the most frequently used illicit drug in China. People with a history of chronic and heavy MA use have a high possibility of exhibiting schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms, mainly delusions of reference, auditory hallucinations and cognitive deficits. These emerging findings suggest MA use increases aggression and violence and that there is a correlation between MA use and violence. However, it is unclear how to assess the capacity of criminal responsibility in “MA-induced” psychosis and how to set clear boundaries between schizophrenia and MA-induced psychosis when only limited and inconsistent evidence is available. Furthermore, a final persuasive differential diagnostic method based on improved understanding of schizophrenia and MA-induced psychotic disorders has yet to be developed. This paper will evaluate the epidemiology, social harm, and forensic psychiatric assessment of MA users, propose a future direction for the differential diagnosis between MA-induced psychotic disorders and schizophrenia, and put forward some practical solutions to assess the capacity of criminal responsibility of defendants with drug-induced psychotic disorder.