Mapping water availability, projected use and cost in the western United States
Mapping water availability, projected use and cost in the western United States
复制标题
绘制美国西部水资源供应情况、预计使用情况和成本
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064009
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
S. Larsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Tidwell;B. Moreland;Katie Zemlick;Barry L. Roberts;H. Passell;Daniel Jensen;C. Forsgren;G. Sehlke;M. Cook;C. King;S. Larsen
新的用水需求可以通过多种水源选择来满足。在一些流域，地表水和/或地下水可以通过国家水管理机构的许可获得（称为非专用水），或者可以购买水并将其从当前用途转移到另一个用途（称为专用水），或者可以捕获和处理非传统水源（例如废水）。每个源的相对可用性和成本是开发决策中的关键因素。不幸的是，这些措施依赖于地点，没有一致的或可比较的数据集来评估竞争的水源。在西部水资源管理人员的帮助下，美国西部1200多个流域的水资源可用性被绘制出来。分别考察了五种水源，包括未分配的地表水、未分配的地下水、分配的水、城市污水和微咸地下水。还绘制了2010年至2030年用水量的预计变化。估计了五个水源中每一个在必要时获取、输送和处理水的相关费用。开发这些指标是为了支持区域水资源规划和政策分析，最初应用于美国西部的电力传输规划。
New demands for water can be satisfied through a variety of source options. In some basins surface and/or groundwater may be available through permitting with the state water management agency (termed unappropriated water), alternatively water might be purchased and transferred out of its current use to another (termed appropriated water), or non-traditional water sources can be captured and treated (e.g., wastewater). The relative availability and cost of each source are key factors in the development decision. Unfortunately, these measures are location dependent with no consistent or comparable set of data available for evaluating competing water sources. With the help of western water managers, water availability was mapped for over 1200 watersheds throughout the western US. Five water sources were individually examined, including unappropriated surface water, unappropriated groundwater, appropriated water, municipal wastewater and brackish groundwater. Also mapped was projected change in consumptive water use from 2010 to 2030. Associated costs to acquire, convey and treat the water, as necessary, for each of the five sources were estimated. These metrics were developed to support regional water planning and policy analysis with initial application to electric transmission planning in the western US.