Transfer of Inhaled Cannabis Into Human Breast Milk
Transfer of Inhaled Cannabis Into Human Breast Milk
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DOI：
10.1097/aog.0000000000002575
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hale, Thomas W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baker, Teresa;Datta, Palika;Hale, Thomas W.
目的：为了评估转移的delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol及其代谢产物进入人母乳后，母亲吸入0.1克大麻含有23.18%的delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.METHODS：在这个试点药代动力学研究，母乳样本收集的母亲谁经常消费大麻，产后2-5个月，和纯母乳喂养他们的婴儿。女性被匿名招募参加这项研究。在停止大麻至少24小时后，他们被指导获得基线母乳样本，然后从一个预选的药房吸食预先称重，分析，标准化的大麻菌株，并在特定的时间点收集母乳样本：20分钟和1，2和4小时。通过高效液相色谱串联质谱法对这些收集的母乳样本中的δ-9-四氢大麻酚及其代谢物进行定量。结果：共招募了8名女性。大多数人是偶尔吸食大麻的人，其中一人是长期使用者。在时间零点之后的所有时间点均检测到低浓度的δ-9-四氢大麻酚。在任何时间点均未检测到代谢物。将δ-9-四氢大麻酚转移到母乳中，使纯母乳喂养的婴儿摄入估计平均母体剂量的2.5%（计算的相对婴儿剂量= 2.5%，范围0.4-8.7%）。估计每日婴儿剂量为8微克每公斤每天。结论：本研究的文件吸入δ-9-四氢大麻酚转移到母亲的母乳。检测到低浓度的δ-9-四氢大麻酚。暴露于δ-9-四氢大麻酚对发育中的大脑的长期神经行为影响尚不清楚。母亲在怀孕和哺乳期间应谨慎使用大麻。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the transfer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites into human breast milk after maternal inhalation of 0.1 g cannabis containing 23.18% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.METHODS: In this pilot pharmacokinetic study, breast milk samples were collected from mothers who regularly consumed cannabis, were 2-5 months postpartum, and exclusively breastfeeding their infants. Women were anonymously recruited for the study. After discontinuing cannabis for at least 24 hours, they were directed to obtain a baseline breast milk sample, then smoke a pre-weighed, analyzed, standardized strain of cannabis from one preselected dispensary, and collect breast milk samples at specific time points: 20 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours. Quantification of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in these collected breast milk samples was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A total of eight women were enrolled. Most were occasional cannabis smokers and one a chronic user. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was detected at low concentrations at all the time points beyond time zero. No metabolites were detected at any time point. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was transferred into mother's milk such that exclusively breastfeeding infants ingested an estimated mean of 2.5% of the maternal dose (the calculated relative infant dose=2.5%, range 0.4-8.7%). The estimated daily infant dose was 8 micrograms per kilogram per day.CONCLUSION: This study documents inhaled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol transfer into the mother's breast milk. Low concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol were detected. The long-term neurobehavioral effect of exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the developing brain is unclear. Mothers should be cautious using cannabis during pregnancy and breastfeeding.