SDR receiver using commodity wifi via physical-layer signal reconstruction
SDR receiver using commodity wifi via physical-layer signal reconstruction
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DOI：
10.1145/3372224.3419189
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Woojae Jeong;Jinhwan Jung;Yuanda Wang;Shuai Wang;Seokwon Yang;Qiben Yan;Yung Yi;S. Kim
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文献类型：
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作者：
Woojae Jeong;Jinhwan Jung;Yuanda Wang;Shuai Wang;Seokwon Yang;Qiben Yan;Yung Yi;S. Kim
随着无线设备的爆炸式增长，物理层信号分析在不同领域变得至关重要，包括网络规划中的干扰最小化、安全和隐私（例如无人机和间谍摄像机检测）以及遥感移动健康。虽然众所周知，SDR 在实现此类服务方面非常有效，但由于硬件成本高达约 1000 美元（例如 USRP），最终用户很少部署或使用它们。低成本 SDR（例如 RTL-SDR）是可用的，但它们的带宽仅限于 2-3 MHz，并且工作范围远低于 2.4 GHz（大多数无线设备使用的是未经许可的频段）。本文介绍了 SDR-Lite，这是首款零成本、纯软件软件定义无线电 (SDR) 接收器，使商用 WiFi 能够检索环境信号的同相和正交。通过与普遍部署的 WiFi 基础设施完全兼容（无需对硬件和固件进行任何更改），SDR-Lite 旨在将 SDR 接收器功能的祝福传播给数十亿 WiFi 用户和家庭，以改善我们的日常生活。 SDR-Lite的关键思想是当数据包不存在时，欺骗WiFi开始数据包接收（即解码过程），以便它接受空气中的环境信号并输出相应的比特。然后，这些比特被重建为原始物理层波形，并在其上执行各种 SDR 应用。我们的综合评估表明，重建信号紧密地重新组合了原始环境信号（> 85% 相关性）。我们在三个代表性类别下的七种独特的 SDR 接收器应用中广泛展示了 SDR-Lite 的有效性：(i) RF 指纹识别、(ii) 频谱监控和 (iii) (ZigBee) 解码。例如，在无人机和恶意 WiFi AP 检测的安全应用中，SDR-Lite 的准确率达到 99% 和 97%，与 USRP 相当。
With the explosive increase in wireless devices, physical-layer signal analysis has become critically beneficial across distinctive domains including interference minimization in network planning, security and privacy (e.g., drone and spycam detection), and mobile health with remote sensing. While SDR is known to be highly effective in realizing such services, they are rarely deployed or used by the end-users due to the costly hardware ~1K USD (e.g., USRP). Low-cost SDRs (e.g., RTL-SDR) are available, but their bandwidth is limited to 2-3 MHz and operation range falls well below 2.4 GHz - the unlicensed band holding majority of the wireless devices. This paper presents SDR-Lite, the first zero-cost, software-only software defined radio (SDR) receiver that empowers commodity WiFi to retrieve the In-phase and Quadrature of an ambient signal. With the full compatibility to pervasively-deployed WiFi infrastructure (without any change to the hardware and firmware), SDR-Lite aims to spread the blessing of SDR receiver functionalities to billions of WiFi users and households to enhance our everyday lives. The key idea of SDR-Lite is to trick WiFi to begin packet reception (i.e., the decoding process) when the packet is absent, so that it accepts ambient signals in the air and outputs corresponding bits. The bits are then reconstructed to the original physical-layer waveform, on which diverse SDR applications are performed. Our comprehensive evaluation shows that the reconstructed signal closely reassembles the original ambient signal (>85% correlation). We extensively demonstrate SDR-Lite effectiveness across seven distinctive SDR receiver applications under three representative categories: (i) RF fingerprinting, (ii) spectrum monitoring, and (iii) (ZigBee) decoding. For instance, in security applications of drone and rogue WiFi AP detection, SDR-Lite achieves 99% and 97% accuracy, which is comparable to USRP.