Rise of Turfs: A New Battlefront for Globally Declining Kelp Forests
Rise of Turfs: A New Battlefront for Globally Declining Kelp Forests
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DOI：
10.1093/biosci/bix147
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Wernberg, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Filbee-Dexter, Karen;Wernberg, Thomas
海带森林是结构复杂的栖息地，提供了宝贵的服务沿沿着25%的世界海岸线。在全球范围内，许多海藻森林已经消失，并在过去十年中被草坪藻类所取代。有证据表明，环境条件越来越不利于海带，加上缺乏观察到的恢复，引起了人们的关注，这些变化代表持续的政权转移。在这里，我们表明，人类活动介导的草坪过渡，通过地理上不同的非生物（变暖和富营养化）和生物（草食性和附生）驱动程序的海带损失。有证据表明，海带森林被推过临界点，新的，稳定的反馈系统（沉积，竞争和Allee效应）加强草坪优势。虽然这些对退化生态系统的新锁定是强大的，但对反馈系统的机械理解以及海带损失的全球和地方驱动因素之间的相互作用将揭示哪些过程更容易控制。这将提供管理解决方案，以遏制全球海带森林扁平化的普遍趋势。
Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world's coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have disappeared and been replaced by turf algae over the last decade. Evidence that environmental conditions are becoming less favorable for kelps, combined with a lack of observed recovery, raises concern that these changes represent persistent regime shifts. Here, we show that human activities mediate turf transitions through geographically disparate abiotic (warming and eutrophication) and biotic (herbivory and epiphytism) drivers of kelp loss. Evidence suggests kelp forests are pushed beyond tipping points where new, stabilizing feedback systems (sedimentation, competition, and Allee effects) reinforce turf dominance. Although these new locks on the degraded ecosystems are strong, a mechanistic understanding of feedback systems and interactions between global and local drivers of kelp loss will expose which processes are easier to control. This should provide management solutions to curb the pervasive trend of the flattening of kelp forests globally.