Fractionating choice: A study on reward discrimination, preference, and relative valuation in the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
Fractionating choice: A study on reward discrimination, preference, and relative valuation in the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
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分级选择：关于大鼠（Rattusnorvegicus）奖励歧视、偏好和相对评价的研究。
DOI：
10.1037/com0000034
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cromwell,HowardCasey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ricker,JoshuaM;Hatch,JustinD;Powers,DanielD;Cromwell,HowardCasey
选择行为结合了对不同结果的区分、对特定结果的偏好和对可比结果的相对评价。以前的工作集中在1个组成部分（即偏好），忽略了其他有影响力的过程，可能会提供一个更完整的理解。动物模型的选择已经探索主要利用广泛的培训，有限的自由多个决定和稀疏的行为措施限制到一个单一的阶段的动机行动。本研究使用了一种范式，结合了以前的方法的不同元素，其目标是区分选择的组件，并探索组件如何匹配基于风险敏感的觅食策略的预测。为了分析歧视和相对估值，有必要有一个变化的选项和一个保持不变的选项。周间变化的结局包括单选项结局的变化（0至1至2粒）或混合选项结局的变化（0或5至0或3至0或1粒）。几周内的恒定结局也是混合选项（0或3粒）或单一选项（1粒）。在几周内改变单一选项的结果导致了更好的歧视，更强大的偏好和显着的激励对比效应的替代结果。转移多选项改变选择组件，并导致分离的歧视，偏好，并减少对比度的影响。在消退过程中，所有组件的影响与最大的赤字在移动的混合选项的结果会议。结果表明，选择行为可以优化的1个组件，但次优的其他取决于选项之间的结果值的变化的复杂性。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Choice behavior combines discrimination between distinctive outcomes, preference for specific outcomes and relative valuation of comparable outcomes. Previous work has focused on 1 component (ie, preference) disregarding other influential processes that might provide a more complete understanding. Animal models of choice have been explored primarily utilizing extensive training, limited freedom for multiple decisions and sparse behavioral measures constrained to a single phase of motivated action. The present study used a paradigm that combines different elements of previous methods with the goal to distinguish among components of choice and explore how well components match predictions based on risk-sensitive foraging strategies. In order to analyze discrimination and relative valuation, it was necessary to have an option that shifted and an option that remained constant. Shifting outcomes among weeks included a change in single-option outcome (0 to 1 to 2 pellets) or a change in mixed-option outcome (0 or 5 to 0 or 3 to 0 or 1 pellets). Constant outcomes among weeks were also mixed-option (0 or 3 pellets) or single-option (1 pellet). Shifting single-option outcomes among weeks led to better discrimination, more robust preference and significant incentive contrast effects for the alternative outcome. Shifting multioptions altered choice components and led to dissociations among discrimination, preference, and reduced contrast effects. During extinction, all components were impacted with the greatest deficits during the shifting mixed-option outcome sessions. Results suggest choice behavior can be optimized for 1 component but suboptimal for others depending upon the complexity of alterations in outcome value between options.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)