Irrigation Method and Fertilizer Concentration Differentially Alter Growth of Vegetable Transplants
Irrigation Method and Fertilizer Concentration Differentially Alter Growth of Vegetable Transplants
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灌溉方法和肥料浓度不同地改变蔬菜移植物的生长
DOI：
10.21273/horttech.22.1.56
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Mattson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin;W. Leatherwood;N. Mattson
在美国，在温室生产期间，架空灌溉通常用于向蔬菜移栽施用水和溶解的营养物质。顶灌可以控制生长介质中盐的积累，因为过量的水可以将盐从容器中浸出。另外，次灌溉节省了劳动力，提高了水的利用效率，但可溶性盐会积聚在容器的上部。因此，架空灌溉和地下灌溉系统需要不同的肥料和电导率（EC）准则。该项目的目的是确定肥料浓度和灌溉方式（地下灌溉与架空灌溉）对几种零售蔬菜移植作物生长的影响。羽衣甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var. acephala 'Vates‘）、羽衣甘蓝（B. oleracea var. acephala ’Nagoya Mix‘）、生菜（Lactuca sativa ’Buttercrunch‘）、辣椒（Capsicum annuum ’Sweet Banana‘）和番茄（Solanum lycopersicum ’Sweet 100'）的幼苗移植到直径4英寸的容器中，在温室中生长4周。灌溉通过潮落台（次灌溉）或人工灌溉（架空灌溉）提供。植物接受了浓度为50、100、200、350和500毫克的完整肥料溶液。L-1氮(N)。顶灌植株茎部最大干重处理为100 mg。辣椒的l - 1n， 200毫克。番茄的l - 1n， 350毫克。适合羽衣甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝和生菜。灌溉方式和施肥处理显著影响羽衣甘蓝、生菜和辣椒的鲜重和DW。对于羽衣甘蓝和莴苣，回归分析表明，顶灌比次灌在肥料浓度较低的情况下，DW达到最大。潜灌植株最大DW处理为200 mg。甘蓝，生菜，胡椒和番茄的l - 1n含量为350毫克。羽衣甘蓝l - 1n。除“甜香蕉”辣椒外，降低肥料浓度是控制作物株高的有效方法。然而，在许多情况下，通过营养限制来控制身高是以牺牲其他生长参数为代价的。我们的研究结果表明，在某些情况下，由于减少了养分的淋失和更大的肥料盐积累的潜力，在种植蔬菜移栽时，可以降低架空灌溉的肥料浓度准则。
In the United States, overhead irrigation is common to apply water and dissolved nutrients to vegetable transplants during greenhouse production. Overhead irrigation allows for the control of salt accumulation in the growing medium because excess water can leach salts out of the container. Alternatively, subirrigation saves labor and improves water use efficiency, but soluble salts can accumulate in the upper profile of the containers. Consequently different sets of fertilizer and electrical conductivity (EC) guidelines are required for overhead and subirrigation systems. The objective of this project was to determine the influence of fertilizer concentration and irrigation method (subirrigation vs. overhead irrigation) on the growth of several vegetable transplant crops intended for retail sale. Seedlings of collards (Brassica oleracea var. acephala 'Vates'), kale (B. oleracea var. acephala 'Nagoya Mix'), lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Buttercrunch'), pepper (Capsicum annuum 'Sweet Banana'), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Sweet 100') were transplanted into 4-inch-diameter containers and grown in a greenhouse for 4 weeks. Irrigation was provided via ebb and flow benches (subirrigation) or hand-watering (overhead irrigation). Plants received a complete fertilizer solution provided at a concentration of 50, 100, 200, 350, and 500 mg.L-1 nitrogen (N). The treatments resulting in maximum shoot dry weight (DW) for overhead irrigated plants were 100 mg.L-1 N for pepper, 200 mg.L-1 N for tomato, and 350 mg.L-1 N for collards, kale, and lettuce. Irrigation method and fertilizer treatment significantly affected fresh weight (FW) and DW for kale, lettuce, and pepper. For kale and lettuce, regression analysis indicated that maximum DW was reached at a lower fertilizer concentration with overhead irrigation than subirrigation. The treatments resulting in maximum DW for subirrigated plants were 200 mg.L-1 N for kale, lettuce, pepper, and tomato and 350 mg.L-1 N for collards. Reducing fertilizer concentration was an effective method for controlling plant height for all crops we examined except for 'Sweet Banana' pepper. However, in many cases height control via nutritional limitation comes at substantial expense to other growth parameters. Our results suggest that, in some cases, fertilizer concentration guidelines for overhead irrigation can be reduced when growing vegetable transplants with subirrigation due to reduced leaching of nutrients and greater potential for accumulation of fertilizer salts.