Psycholinguists should resist the allure of linguistic units as perceptual units

Psycholinguists should resist the allure of linguistic units as perceptual units
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心理语言学家应该抵制语言单位作为感知单位的诱惑

DOI:
10.1016/j.jml.2019.104070
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Samuel A
Samuel A
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Samuel A

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目前的研究有经验,方法和理论的组成部分。Bowers et al.(2016)(JML,87,71-83)使用选择性适应实验的结果来论证音素在言语感知中起着关键作用。Mitterer et al.(2018)(JML,98,77-92)用他们自己的适应性实验来回应,以倡导音位变体。这些研究是选择性适应范式的重新使用的一部分。从经验上讲,目前的研究报告的结果表明,鲍尔斯等人的研究结果是人为的。从方法上讲,在该领域重新使用适应是一个积极的发展,但许多最近的研究缺乏对先前适应研究结果的了解。随着选择性顺应的使用越来越多,利用现有的大量知识库将是很重要的(这篇文献也与当前流行的语音重新校准研究有关)。从理论上讲,半个世纪以来,人们一直在努力证明各种语言单位(如音素或音位变体)的心理现实性。有证据表明,听者基本上会使用任何经常经历的模式,而不仅仅是那些非常适合语言描述的单位。因此,心理语言学家不应试图为语言单位确定任何特殊的感知状态,而应将精力集中在更有成效的问题上。
The current study has empirical, methodological, and theoretical components. It draws heavily on two recent papers: Bowers et al. (2016) (JML,87, 71–83) used results from selective adaptation experiments to argue that phonemes play a critical role in speech perception. Mitterer et al. (2018) (JML,98, 77–92) responded with their own adaptation experiments to advocate instead for allophones. These studies are part of a renewed use of the selective adaptation paradigm.Empirically, the current study reports results that demonstrate that the Bowers et al. findings were artifactual.Methodologically, the renewed use of adaptation in the field is a positive development, but many recent studies suffer from a lack of knowledge of prior adaptation findings. As the use of selective adaptation grows, it will be important to draw on the considerable existing knowledge base (this literature is also relevant to the currently popular research on phonetic recalibration).Theoretically, for a half century there has been a recurring effort to demonstrate the psychological reality of various linguistic units, such as the phoneme or the allophone. The evidence is that listeners will use essentially any pattern that has been experienced often enough, not just the units that are well-suited to linguistic descriptions of language. Thus, rather than trying to identify any special perceptual status for linguistic units, psycholinguists should focus their efforts on more productive issues.
听觉-视觉言语感知中的视觉重新校准和选择性适应:对比增强课程
DOI: --
发表时间: 2007
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发表时间: 1977
期刊:
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非语音对语音的适应:复杂声音提示检测器的证据。
DOI: 10.1121/1.2017812
发表时间: 1979
期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
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了解一个单词会影响对其内部声音的基本感知
DOI: --
发表时间: 2001
期刊: Psychology Science
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