Evaluating the impact of artificial groundwater recharge structures using geo-spatial techniques in the hard-rock terrain of Rajasthan, India
Evaluating the impact of artificial groundwater recharge structures using geo-spatial techniques in the hard-rock terrain of Rajasthan, India
复制标题
使用地理空间技术评估印度拉贾斯坦邦硬岩地形人工地下水补给结构的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s12665-017-6953-6
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
R. Paliwal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanjay Kumar;B. K. Bhadra;R. Paliwal
近年来，印度硬岩地区的地下水位大幅下降。由于这些地区降雨稀少、地表水资源有限和地下水开采模式日益增加，情况正变得更加危急。因此，地下水部在世界银行的援助下执行了水结构方案，以减轻地下水短缺，并为该区域的可持续发展制订可行的解决办法。本研究是为了评价印度拉贾斯坦邦硬岩地区人工地下水补给结构的影响而进行的。本研究使用了85口井的地下水位数据（季风前和季风后），分布在413.59 km2的面积上。风化破碎的片麻岩基底岩是该地区主要的含水层。利用kriging插值技术和最佳拟合的半变异函数模型（球面、指数和高斯），绘制了季风前和季风后的地下水位空间图。利用水位涨落法对地下水补给进行了空间计算。整个研究期（2004-2011年）分为干预前（2004-2008年）和干预后（2009-2011年）。基于季风总降雨量的相同性质，在干预前和干预后选择了平均（2007年和2009年）和超过平均（2006年和2010年）降雨年的两种组合进行进一步比较。所有集水结构可分为以下几类：砌体溢流结构；渗滤罐;地下障碍;土制池塘/池塘的翻新。为了评估这些结构对地下水补给的影响，在干预场地周围选取了100 m的缓冲带。2004-2008年和2008-2011年季风降水与地下水补给的关系采用幂函数和指数函数拟合，R2分别为0.95和0.98。研究发现，干预前平均地下水补给量为季风总降雨量的18%，干预后为28%。平均降雨期70.9% （293.43 km2）和高于平均降雨期95% （396.26 km2）以上的区域在修建集水设施后地下水补给增加。地下水补给模式表明，在平均和高于平均降雨量期间，干预点附近的地下水补给模式都有积极影响。发现在高于平均降雨量的时期，树篱是最有效的补给结构，而在平均降雨量期间，地下屏障反应良好。在硬岩地形中，集水结构显著增加地下水补给。所使用的地理空间技术对评价不同人工地下水补给技术的响应是有效的。
Groundwater levels in hard-rock areas in India have shown very large declines in the recent past. The situation is becoming more critical due to a paucity of rainfall, limited surface water resources and an increasing pattern of groundwater extraction in these areas. Consequently, the Ground Water Department with the aid of World Bank has implemented the water structuring programme to mitigate groundwater scarcity and to develop a viable solution for sustainable development in the region. The present study has been undertaken to assess the impact of artificial groundwater recharge structures in the hard-rock area of Rajasthan, India. In this study groundwater level data (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) of 85 dug-wells are used, spread over an area of 413.59 km2. The weathered and fractured gneissic basement rocks act as major aquifer in the area. Spatial maps for pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels were prepared using the kriging interpolation technique with best fitted semi-variogram models (Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian). The groundwater recharge is calculated spatially using the water level fluctuation method. The entire study period (2004–2011) is divided into pre- (2004–2008) and post-intervention (2009–2011) periods. Based on the identical nature of total monsoon rainfall, two combinations of average (2007 and 2009) and more than average (2006 and 2010) rainfall years are selected from the pre- and post-intervention periods for further comparisons. All of the water harvesting structures are grouped into the following categories: as anicuts (masonry overflow structure); percolation tanks; subsurface barriers; and renovation of earthen ponds/nadis. A buffer of 100 m around the intervention site is taken for assessing the influence of these structures on groundwater recharge. The relationship between the monsoon rainfall and groundwater recharge is fitted by power and exponential functions for the periods of 2004–2008 and 2008–2011 with R2 values of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. The average groundwater recharge is found to be 18% of total monsoon rainfall prior to intervention and it became 28% during the post-intervention period. About 70.9% (293.43 km2) of the area during average rainfall and more than 95% (396.26 km2) of the area during above-average rainfalls show an increase in groundwater recharge after construction of water harvesting structures. The groundwater recharge pattern indicates a positive impact within the vicinity of intervention sites during both average and above-average rainfall. The anicuts are found to be the most effective recharge structures during periods of above-average rainfall, while subsurface barriers are responded well during average rainfall periods. In the hard-rock terrain, water harvesting structures produce significant increases in groundwater recharge. The geo-spatial techniques that are used are effective for evaluating the response of different artificial groundwater recharge techniques.