Interacting effects of urbanization and climate on atmospheric deposition of phosphorus around the globe: A meta-analysis
Interacting effects of urbanization and climate on atmospheric deposition of phosphorus around the globe: A meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119940
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发表时间：
2023-07
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kylie Blake;P. Templer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kylie Blake;P. Templer
目前，世界上一半以上的人口居住在城市，预计未来几十年城市地区的人口密度将增加。过去的研究表明，城市是大气中氮沉降的热点，研究人员发现，个别城市的大气中磷沉降率升高。然而，目前尚不清楚世界各地城市地区的大气磷输入是否增加，以及温度和降水如何影响这些输入。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，比较了全球城市和农村地区大气中磷的沉积。我们假设大气磷沉降的行为与大气氮沉降相似，与附近农村地区相比，城市大气磷输入的浓度和速率都有所增加。我们还假设城市大气磷输入的增加受到年平均温度和降水的正影响。数据来自11个国家（即巴西、中国、印度、日本、巴基斯坦、西班牙、台湾、突尼斯、土耳其、乌克兰和美国）和五大洲（即非洲、亚洲、欧洲、北美和南美）的38个城市。在16个将城市和农村地点配对的城市中，城市和附近农村地点之间的大气浓度和磷沉积通量在统计上没有显著差异。然而，我们发现城市和农村地区大气磷沉降速率的差异与年平均温度呈正相关，但与年总降水量无关。综上所述，这些结果表明，温度等气候因素增强了城市化效应，因此温度较高的地点在城市和农村的磷沉积速率上存在更大的差异。
Over half of the world's human population currently lives in cities, and population density in urban areas is projected to increase over the coming decades. Past studies have shown cities to be hotspots for atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and researchers have found individual cities to have elevated rates of atmospheric phosphorus deposition. However, it remains unknown whether atmospheric phosphorus inputs are elevated in urban areas around the world and how temperature and precipitation affects these inputs. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare atmospheric deposition of phosphorus in urban and rural sites across the globe. We hypothesized that atmospheric phosphorus deposition behaves similarly to atmospheric nitrogen deposition, with increased concentrations and rates of atmospheric phosphorus inputs in urban compared to nearby rural areas. We also hypothesized that the urban enhancement of atmospheric phosphorus inputs is positively influenced by mean annual temperature and precipitation. Data were compiled from 38 cities across 11 countries (i.e. Brazil, China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Spain, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United States) and five continents (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). Across the 16 cities that had paired urban and rural sites, there was not a statistically significant difference in atmospheric concentrations nor fluxes of phosphorus deposition between urban and nearby rural sites. However, we found that the difference between rates of atmospheric phosphorus deposition in urban vs. rural sites is positively related to mean annual temperature, though not total annual precipitation. Together these results demonstrate that climatic factors like temperature enhance the urbanization effect, such that sites with warmer temperatures experience a greater difference in urban vs. rural phosphorus deposition rates.