Mycoflora and mycotoxins in Brazilian black pepper, white pepper and Brazil nuts
Mycoflora and mycotoxins in Brazilian black pepper, white pepper and Brazil nuts
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1007241827937
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Paterson, RRM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freire, FDO;Kozakiewicz, Z;Paterson, RRM
从亚马逊河流域的黑胡椒、白色胡椒和巴西坚果仁中分离出了广泛的田间和储藏真菌。从两种辣椒中共分离到42种病原菌。黄曲霉和A.从黑胡椒中分离到黑尼日尔的频率高于从白色胡椒中分离到黑胡椒的频率。分离的其他潜在真菌致病性菌种包括：A. ochraceus、红腹滨藜A. tamarii，野百合A.变色青霉、构巢裸壳菌和球毛壳菌、短密青霉、桔青霉、岛青霉和光滑青霉。首次从辣椒上分离到的有球形顶孢Acrogenospora sphaerocephala、地衣刺果孢Acrodrocarpon lichenicola、甘蔗拟裂孢Lacellinopsis sacchari、灰盖小孢Microoccus cinereus、刚毛小格孢Petriella setifera和微小孢子菌Sporormiella minima。从巴西坚果仁中分离到17种植物。A.黄曲霉为优势种，其次为A.尼日尔.桔黄青霉和光滑青霉是唯一分离到的青霉。首次分离到的菌种包括曲顶孢霉、秀丽小克银汉霉、外瓶霉属、尖孢镰刀菌，鲍氏假阿氏霉，根霉，帚霉属，土生梭孢壳和桔绿木霉。在定性分析中，从黑胡椒中检测到的代谢物比从白色胡椒中检测到的代谢物多得多。仅从黑胡椒中鉴定出毛壳素、青霉烯A和黄青霉素，从黑胡椒和白色胡椒中均鉴定出细氮藻酸。黄曲霉毒素G（2），球毛壳菌素C和刺曲霉素被确定从劣质巴西坚果。黄曲霉毒素B-1和B-2也仅在劣质巴西坚果中检测到，浓度分别为27.1 mug kg（-1）和2.1 mug kg（-1）（总计29.2 mug kg（-1））。
A wide range of field and storage fungi were isolated from black pepper, white pepper and Brazil nut kernels from Amazonia. A total of 42 species were isolated from both peppers. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were isolated more frequently from black than from white pepper. Other potential mycotoxigenic species isolated included: A. ochraceus, A. tamarii, A. versicolor, Emericella nidulans and Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. islandicum and P. glabrum. Species isolated from pepper for the first time were Acrogenospora sphaerocephala, Cylindrocarpon lichenicola, Lacellinopsis sacchari, Microascus cinereus, Petriella setifera and Sporormiella minima. Seventeen species were isolated from Brazil nut kernels. A. flavus was the dominant species followed by A. niger. P. citrinum and P. glabrum were the only penicillia isolated. Species isolated for the first time included Acremonium curvulum, Cunninghamella elegans, Exophiala sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudoallescheria boydii, Rhizopus oryzae, Scopulariopsis sp., Thielavia terricola and Trichoderma citrinoviride. Considerably more metabolites were detected from black than white pepper in qualitative analyses. Chaetocin, penitrem A, and xanthocillin were identified only from black pepper, and tenuazonic acid was identified from both black and white pepper. Aflatoxin G(2), chaetoglobosin C, and spinulosin were identified from poor quality brazil nuts. Aflatoxin B-1 and B-2 were also only detected in poor quality brazil nuts at concentrations of 27.1 mug kg(-1) and 2.1 mug kg(-1) respectively (total 29.2 mug kg(-1)).