Refining correction factors. for back-calculation of illicit drug use
Refining correction factors. for back-calculation of illicit drug use
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.179
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发表时间：
2016-12-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Castiglioni, Sara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gracia-Lor, Emma;Zuccato, Ettore;Castiglioni, Sara
由于非法药物在全球范围内的大量消耗，导致了经济、社会和健康成本，通过废水分析估计非法药物的使用情况在过去几年中已成为一个重要问题。废水中测量的非法药物（选定药物或其代谢物）的尿液生物标志物的量用于反算人群对特定药物的消耗量，并监测社区非法药物使用的时间和空间趋势。反算的可靠性取决于不同的因素，其中之一就是修正系数的准确性。不同的研究中使用了多种校正因子，在比较结果时必须预见到一些偏差。大多数校正因子是几年前开发的，因此需要更新——以包含有关药代动力学的最新信息。此外，应采用新的综合方法来处理数据。本研究的目的是完善当前最广泛使用的非法药物反算的校正因子：安非他明、甲基安非他明、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明 (MDMA) 和四氢大麻酚 (THC)。利用文献中所有可获得的药代动力学研究，计算每种给药途径的母体药物及其代谢物的平均排泄百分比。这使得可以选择最合适的药物靶标残留物，并考虑到最频繁的给药途径，为每种物质获得了精确的校正因子。我们提出的细化校正因子可用于基于废水的流行病学，以标准化这些药物的反算。这些结果可以纳入欧盟研究目前采用的最佳实践协议中，以减少不确定性并提高结果的可比性。 (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The estimation of illicit drugs use through wastewater analysis has become an important issue in the last few years due to their large worldwide consumption, which results in economic, social and health costs. The amounts of urinary biomarkers of illicit drugs (selected drugs or their metabolites) measured in wastewater are used to back-calculate the consumption of a particular drug by the population and to monitor temporal and spatial trends of illicit drug use in a community. The reliability of back-calculation depends on different factors, one being the accuracy of correction factors. A wide range of correction factors have been used in different studies and some biases must be expected when comparing results. Most of the correction factors were developed several years ago, so they need to be updated-to include the latest information on pharmacokinetics. Moreover, new comprehensive methods to treat data should be adopted. The goal of this study is to refine current correction factors for back-calculation of the most widely used illicit drugs: amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The mean percentages of excretion of the parent drugs and their metabolites were calculated for each route of administration, utilizing all accessible pharmacokinetic studies in the literature. This allowed to select the most suitable drug target residue and a refined correction factor was obtained for each substance considering the most frequent route of administration. The refined correction factors we propose can be used in wastewater based epidemiology to standardize the back-calculation of these drugs. These results can be included in the best practice protocol currently adopted in EU studies in order to reduce uncertainty and improve the comparability of results. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.