Ciguatoxin-Producing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus in the Beibu Gulf: First Report of Toxic Gambierdiscus in Chinese Waters.
Ciguatoxin-Producing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus in the Beibu Gulf: First Report of Toxic Gambierdiscus in Chinese Waters.
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北部湾产雪卡毒素甲藻：中国海域首次报告有毒甲藻
DOI：
10.3390/toxins13090643
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发表时间：
2021-09-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Yu K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Y;He X;Lee WH;Chan LL;Lu D;Wang P;Tao X;Li H;Yu K
雪卡毒素中毒主要是由于进食珊瑚鱼而引致，珊瑚鱼体内积聚了由底栖甲藻Gambierdiscus和Fukuyoa所产生的雪卡毒素。中国的雪卡毒问题由来已久，但对雪卡毒致病生物的研究非常有限，特别是在北部湾，珊瑚礁已经严重退化，珊瑚鱼中的CTX已经超过食品安全指南。这里，五个菌株的甘比盘菌属。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和大小亚基rDNA序列分析，对采自北部湾雪卡毒素热点海域涠洲岛的100株雪卡毒素菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明，该菌株具有典型的Gambierdiscus caribaeus的形态特征，即膜表面光滑，2′端呈矩形，4″端几乎对称，后闰板大而宽。在系统发育树中，它们与G. Caribaeus从其他地点。因此，这5株菌属于G. Caribaeus，一种全球分布的Gambierdiscus物种。通过小鼠神经母细胞瘤试验测定毒性，范围为0至5.40 fg CTX 3C eq cell-1。G.结果表明，在涠洲岛的养殖场，CTX污染水平高于国家规定的标准，表明低毒性的草鱼长期存在是造成环境污染的主要原因。caribaeus的感染可能导致CTX在鱼类体内的生物积累，这可能达到危险的CTX水平。或者，这些沃茨中可能存在其他高毒性、未取样的菌株。这是第一份来自北部湾和中国沃茨的有毒甘比盘鱼的报告，将为进一步研究确定该地区雪卡毒素管理的有效策略提供基础。
Ciguatera poisoning is mainly caused by the consumption of reef fish that have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by the benthic dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. China has a long history of problems with ciguatera, but research on ciguatera causative organisms is very limited, especially in the Beibu Gulf, where coral reefs have been degraded significantly and CTXs in reef fish have exceeded food safety guidelines. Here, five strains of Gambierdiscus spp. were collected from Weizhou Island, a ciguatera hotspot in the Beibu Gulf, and identified by light and scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses based on large and small subunit rDNA sequences. Strains showed typical morphological characteristics of Gambierdiscus caribaeus, exhibiting a smooth thecal surface, rectangular-shaped 2′, almost symmetric 4″, and a large and broad posterior intercalary plate. They clustered in the phylogenetic tree with G. caribaeus from other locations. Therefore, these five strains belonged to G. caribaeus, a globally distributed Gambierdiscus species. Toxicity was determined through the mouse neuroblastoma assay and ranged from 0 to 5.40 fg CTX3C eq cell−1. The low level of toxicity of G. caribaeus in Weizhou Island, with CTX-contaminated fish above the regulatory level in the previous study, suggests that the long-term presence of low toxicity G. caribaeus might lead to the bioaccumulation of CTXs in fish, which can reach dangerous CTX levels. Alternatively, other highly-toxic, non-sampled strains could be present in these waters. This is the first report on toxic Gambierdiscus from the Beibu Gulf and Chinese waters and will provide a basis for further research determining effective strategies for ciguatera management in the area.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Chan TY
通讯作者：
Chan TY