Modelling of environmental impacts of printed self-healing products.
Modelling of environmental impacts of printed self-healing products.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150780
复制
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Akos Cseke;Merryn Haines-Gadd;P. Mativenga;Fiona Charnley;Bradley Thomas;J. Perry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akos Cseke;Merryn Haines-Gadd;P. Mativenga;Fiona Charnley;Bradley Thomas;J. Perry
使用自修复材料的产品有可能在损坏后恢复部分功能，从而延长产品使用寿命，有助于防止浪费并提高产品安全性。尽管人们对这些产品的兴趣日益浓厚，但仍缺乏对自愈产品对环境的影响以及影响影响的参数的全面研究。本文提出的研究将生命周期评估与田口实验设计和方差分析相结合，研究了使用聚乳酸（PLA）和自修复聚氨酯（PU）通过3D打印制造的自修复复合材料产品的整个生命阶段中各种参数的影响。这项研究的结果表明，影响主要是由于产品服务增加而避免生产，其次是电力需求和 3D 打印的材料沉积率（效率）。就耗水量而言，PLA 和 PU 的原材料制造是最高的，因此应该成为减少其水足迹的研究目标。在将自愈产品与常规产品进行比较时，很明显，大多数影响主要由制造过程的电力消耗决定。这些结果表明，最大限度地避免生产可以在减少 3D 打印产品的影响方面发挥重要作用。研究结果对于最大限度地提高增材制造产品的循环性，同时最大限度地减少其生命周期影响非常重要。
Products utilising self-healing materials have the potential to restore some of their function following damage, thereby extending the product lifespan and contributing to waste prevention and increased product safety. Despite the growing interest in these products, there a lack of comprehensive studies on the environmental implications of self-healing products and the parameters that influence impacts. The study presented in this paper combined life cycle assessment combined with a Taguchi experimental design and analysis of variance to investigate the effect of various parameters across the life stages of a self-healing composite product manufactured by 3D printing using poly-lactic acid (PLA) and self-healing polyurethane (PU). The results of this study suggests that impacts are primarily affected by avoided production due to the increased service of the product, followed by electricity requirements and material deposition rate (efficiency) of 3D printing. In the case of water consumption raw material manufacturing of PLA and PU are the highest and hence should be a target for research on reducing their water footprint. When comparing self-healing vs. regular products it is evident that most of the impacts are dominated by the electricity consumption of the manufacturing process. These results suggest that maximising avoided production can play a major role in reducing impacts of 3D printed products. The results are important for maximising the circularity of additive manufacturing products while minimising their life cycle impact.