Why animal experimentation matters
Why animal experimentation matters
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DOI：
10.1007/s12115-002-1000-x
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Paul, EF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul, EF
动物实验为现代医学的许多重要进步做出了至关重要的贡献。狂犬病和黄热病等致命病毒的疫苗开发依赖于动物研究，我们关于人类健康和生理学的许多基本知识也是通过使用动物发现的。尽管取得了这些进展，动物权利活动家一直积极地向公众和政策制定者传达他们的观点，即在医学研究中使用动物在道德上是错误的，应该严格限制或消除。活动家的论点借鉴了一系列学科，并侧重于动物实验的实践和道德方面。动物实验的倡导者对这些论点反应迟缓。鉴于全球范围内传染病的死亡人数仍然巨大，而且致命的新病原体可能在未来任何时候出现，威胁人类健康，未能从反对者的论点中捍卫动物实验，这将带来灾难性的影响。如果没有一个强有力的研究机构，对艾滋病这种意料之外的威胁作出快速反应是不可想象的，而研究机构又依赖于动物代理人。《为什么动物实验很重要》是研究科学家和道德哲学家首次尝试对动物权利爱好者进行令人信服的辩护。由于反对动物实验的人来自不同的知识背景，这种辩护也必然是跨学科的。在这八篇文章的集合中，作者仔细研究了动物实验在实验室中的实际功能，它在减轻和消除人类和动物疾病方面发挥的重要作用，以及为改善人类生活而牺牲动物的道德理由。论文中涵盖的主题包括动物和人的道德地位，动物对推进科学知识的重要性，动物实验的历史（及其批评者），美国和欧洲动物实验法规的不同理论方法，动物权利活动家推动的严格限制性立法，以及暴力动物权利狂热者对研究和研究人员构成的威胁。贡献者包括Baruch Brody，H.小崔斯特瑞姆·恩格尔哈特放大图片作者：Kenneth F.放大图片作者：Kiple and Kriemhild Cone Ornelas，Adrian R.作者：莫里森Nicoll和Sharon M. Russell，Jerrold Tannenbaum，Stuart M.佐拉这本重要的选集将对科学家、哲学家、患有遗传性或传染性疾病的个人、患病个人的亲属和政策制定者感兴趣。埃伦·弗兰克尔·保罗是社会哲学和政策中心的副主任，鲍林绿色州立大学的政治学和哲学教授，《社会哲学与政策》杂志的主编。弗雷德·D小米勒，和杰弗里·保罗分别是社会哲学和政策中心的执行主任和副主任;两人都是鲍林绿色州立大学的哲学教授。
Animal experimentation has made a crucial contribution to many of the most important advances in modern medicine. The development of vaccines for deadly viruses like rabies and yellow fever depended upon animal research, and much of our basic knowledge about human health and physiology was discovered through the use of animals as well. Inspite of these gains, animal rights activists have been zealous in communicating to the public and policymakers their view that the use of animals in medical research is morally wrong and should be severely curtailed or eliminated. The activists' arguments draw upon a range of disciplines and focus on both practical and ethical aspects of animal experimentation. Advocates of animal experimentation have been slow to respond to these arguments. Given that the worldwide toll of communicable diseases is still immense--and that deadly new pathogens may emerge at any time in the future to menace human health--failing to defend animal experimentation from the arguments of its opponents has disastrous implications. A quick response to an unanticipated threat on the order of the AIDS epidemic is unimaginable absent a vigorous research establishment, which in turn is dependent on animal proxies. Why Animal Experimentation Matters is a first attempt by research scientists and moral philosophers to mount a convincing defense against animal rights enthusiasts. Because opponents of animal experimentation come from a variety of intellectual backgrounds, this defense is necessarily interdisciplinary as well. In this collection of eight essays, the authors scrutinize how animal experimentation actually functions in the laboratory, the vital role that it plays in palliating and eradicating human and animal diseases, and the moral justification for sacrificing animals for the betterment of human life. The subjects covered in the essays include the moral status of animals and persons, the importance of animals for advancing scientific knowledge, the history of animal experimentation (and of its detractors), differing theoretical approaches of American and European animal-experimentation regulations, the heavily restrictive legislation promoted by animal rights activists, and the threats posed to research and researchers by violent animal rights zealots. Contributors include Baruch Brody, H. Tristram Englehardt, Jr., RG Frey, Kenneth F. Kiple and Kriemhild Cone Ornelas, Adrian R. Morrison, Charles S. Nicoll and Sharon M. Russell, Jerrold Tannenbaum, and Stuart M. Zola. This important anthology will be of interest to scientists, philosophers, individuals suffering from heritable or communicable diseases, relatives of afflicted individuals, and policymakers. Ellen Frankel Paul is deputy director of the Social Philosophy and Policy Center, professor of political science and philosophy at Bowling Green State University, and editor-in-chief of the journal Social Philosophy & Policy. Fred D. Miller, Jr., and Jeffrey Paul are, respectively, the executive director and associate director of the Social Philosophy and Policy Center; both are professors of philosophy at Bowling Green State University.