Semi-automated phalanx bone segmentation using the expectation maximization algorithm.
Semi-automated phalanx bone segmentation using the expectation maximization algorithm.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10278-008-9151-y
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发表时间：
2009-10
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Grosland, Nicole M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramme, Austin J.;DeVries, Nicole;Kallemyn, Nicole A.;Magnotta, Vincent A.;Grosland, Nicole M.
医学成像技术使人体肌肉骨骼系统的活体探索和评估成为可能。使用图像分割技术生成的三维骨骼模型提供了一种使用工程分析来优化个性化矫形外科手术程序的方法。然而，由于所需的时间和人工干预，目前的许多分割技术并不能在临床上实用。作为概念的证明，我们演示了使用期望最大化(EM)算法来分割手指骨，并假设这种半自动技术将提高效率，同时提供与手动评分器类似的定义。我们的结果显示，与有效的手动分割相比，EM技术的近端、中端和远端指骨的相对重叠分别为0.83、0.79和0.72。EM分割还与身体标本的3D表面扫描进行了比较，得到的距离图显示近侧、中部和远侧指骨的平均距离分别为0.45、0.46和0.51 mm。EM分割将人工技术的分割速度提高了8倍。总体而言，手动分割具有更大的相对重叠度量值，这表明手动分割更符合骨骼的实际表面。通过与骨表面扫描的比较表明，EM技术提供了类似的解剖结构表示，并提高了效率，有助于减少从CT扫描确定解剖结构所需的时间。
Medical imaging technologies have allowed for in vivo exploration and evaluation of the human musculoskeletal system. Three-dimensional bone models generated using image segmentation techniques provide a means to optimize individualized orthopaedic surgical procedures using engineering analyses. However, many of the current segmentation techniques are not clinically practical due to the required time and human intervention. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the use of an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to segment the hand phalanx bones, and hypothesize that this semi-automated technique will improve on the efficiency while providing similar definitions as compared to a manual rater. Our results show a relative overlap of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of 0.83, 0.79, and 0.72 for the EM technique when compared to validated manual segmentations. The EM segmentations were also compared to 3D surface scans of the cadaveric specimens, which resulted in distance maps showing an average distance for the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of 0.45, 0.46, and 0.51 mm, respectively. The EM segmentation improved on the segmentation speed of the manual techniques by a factor of eight. Overall, the manual segmentations had greater relative overlap metric values, which suggests that the manual segmentations are a better fit to the actual surface of the bone. As shown by the comparison to the bone surface scans, the EM technique provides a similar representation of the anatomic structure and offers an increase in efficiency that could help to reduce the time needed for defining anatomical structures from CT scans.
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通讯作者：
Grosland, Nicole M.