Altered social and non-social decision-making in recreational and dependent cocaine users
Altered social and non-social decision-making in recreational and dependent cocaine users
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291713001839
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Quednow, B. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hulka, L. M.;Eisenegger, C.;Quednow, B. B.
决策适应不良被认为是可卡因成瘾的一个核心特征。事实上，许多研究报告了依赖可卡因使用者在非社会决策任务和奖励相关冲动方面的缺陷。然而，可卡因使用者的社会决策尚未得到检验。此外，即使是娱乐性和非依赖性的可卡因使用是否与决策缺陷有关也不得而知。因此，我们调查了娱乐性和依赖性可卡因使用者在社会和非社会决策方面是否表现出改变。方法对健康对照（n=68）、休闲可卡因使用者（n=68）和依赖可卡因使用者（n=30）在经典决策范式（爱荷华赌博任务、延迟折扣）和社会互动范式（分配博弈、独裁者博弈）中的表现进行评估。结果与对照组相比，两组可卡因使用者在社会互动任务中的决策更倾向于自私自利，可卡因使用者更倾向于为自己获得更高的金钱回报。在爱荷华赌博任务中，只有依赖可卡因的人更有可能选择不利的牌组，反映出更糟糕的决策。在延迟折扣任务中，他们也更有可能选择即时较小的奖励，而不是较大的延迟奖励。结论：我们的研究结果表明，在与他人互动时，娱乐性和依赖性可卡因使用者都更关心自己的金钱利益。此外，主要依赖可卡因的使用者对即时奖励缺乏远见，更容易冲动。总的来说，娱乐性使用者已经存在社会互动缺陷，而非社会决策缺陷主要发生在依赖可卡因使用者身上。因此，社会互动训练和认知补救策略可以提高可卡因依赖的治疗成功率和生活质量。
Background Maladaptive decision-making is assumed to be a core feature of cocaine addiction. Indeed, numerous studies have reported deficits in non-social decision-making tasks and reward-related impulsivity in dependent cocaine users. However, social decision-making has not been examined in cocaine users yet. Moreover, it is unknown if even recreational and non-dependent cocaine use is linked to decision-making deficits. Therefore, we investigated whether recreational and dependent cocaine users exhibit alterations in social and non-social decision-making.Method The performance of healthy controls (n=68), recreational cocaine users (n=68) and dependent cocaine users (n=30) in classical decision-making paradigms (Iowa Gambling Task, Delay Discounting) and in social interaction paradigms (Distribution Game, Dictator Game) was assessed.Results Decisions in the social interaction tasks of both cocaine user groups were more self-serving compared with controls as cocaine users preferred higher monetary payoffs for themselves. In the Iowa Gambling Task, only dependent cocaine users were more likely to choose disadvantageous card decks, reflecting worse decision-making. They were also more likely to choose immediate smaller rewards over larger delayed rewards in the Delay Discounting task.Conclusions Our results imply that both recreational and dependent cocaine users are more concerned with their own monetary gain when interacting with another person. Furthermore, primarily dependent cocaine users are less foresighted and more impulsive regarding immediate reward. Overall, social interaction deficits are already present in recreational users, while non-social decision-making deficits occur predominantly in dependent cocaine users. Thus, social interaction training and cognitive remediation strategies may improve treatment success and quality of life in cocaine dependence.