Olfactory learning and memory in the cockroach Periplaneta americana
Olfactory learning and memory in the cockroach Periplaneta americana
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DOI：
10.2108/zsj.18.21
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Mizunami, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakura, M;Mizunami, M
采用操作型判别性条件反射范式研究了雄性美洲大蠊的嗅觉学习能力。蟑螂通过给它们不含糖的饮食和限制它们的水供应来高度激励它们寻找蔗糖溶液，并分别训练它们将薄荷与蔗糖溶液联系在一起，将香草与氯化钠溶液联系在一起。在训练前后，通过让他们在薄荷和香草之间进行选择，测试了他们对气味的偏好。访问每个气味来源所花的时间可以作为气味偏好的衡量标准。蟑螂对香草表现出天生的偏好，而不是薄荷，但只经过一次训练，蟑螂对后者的偏好就增加了。单次训练形成的嗅觉记忆保持至少一周，但训练后2~24小时明显衰退。三次训练形成的记忆非常健壮，从训练后一天到四周没有表现出明显的衰退。在反转训练中，香草与蔗糖溶液和薄荷与生理盐水相结合，很容易改变形成的偏好。这项研究表明，蟑螂具有良好的嗅觉学习能力，其特点是习得迅速，保持时间极长，容易重写记忆。
The olfactory learning capability of the male cockroach Periplaneta americana was studied using an operant discriminatory conditioning paradigm. Cockroaches were highly motivated to search for a sucrose solution by giving them a diet that contained no sugar and by limiting their water supply, and they were individually trained to associate peppermint with sucrose solution and vanilla with NaCl solution. Their odor preference was tested before and after training by allowing them to choose between peppermint and vanilla sources. The time spent visiting each odor source served as a measure of odor preference. Cockroaches exhibited an innate preference for vanilla over peppermint but the preference for the latter increased after only one training session. The olfactory memory formed by a single training session remained for at least one week but significantly decayed from 2 to 24 hr after training. Memory formed by three training sessions was extremely robust, exhibiting no significant decay from one day to four weeks after training. The preference formed was easily altered by reversal training in which Vanilla was associated with sucrose solution and peppermint with saline. This study shows that cockroaches have an excellent olfactory learning capability characterized by rapid acquisition, extremely long retention and easy re-writing of memory.