Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance
Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1618858114
复制
发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kaiser, Michel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiddink, Jan Geert;Jennings, Simon;Kaiser, Michel J.
底拖网捕捞是影响海底生境的最广泛的人类活动。在这里，我们整理了所有可用的数据拖网对沉积生境的海底大型无脊椎动物的整个社区的影响的实验和比较研究，并制定广泛适用的方法来估计拖网后的生物区系的消耗和恢复率。生物区系的枯竭和拖网进入海底是高度相关的。水獭拖网造成的损耗最小，每次通过时只清除6%的生物群，平均穿透海床2.4厘米，而水力挖泥造成的损耗最大，清除41%的生物群，平均穿透海床16.1厘米。拖网捕捞后的中位恢复时间（未受影响生物量的50%至95%）在1.9年至6.4年之间。通过考虑穿透深度、环境变化和不确定性的影响，这些模型解释了单一研究中消耗和恢复估计的大部分可变性。再加上大规模，高分辨率的拖网捕捞频率和栖息地地图，我们的消耗和恢复率的估计，使拖网捕捞的影响进行评估前所未有的空间尺度。
Bottom trawling is the most widespread human activity affecting seabed habitats. Here, we collate all available data for experimental and comparative studies of trawling impacts on whole communities of seabed macroinvertebrates on sedimentary habitats and develop widely applicable methods to estimate depletion and recovery rates of biota after trawling. Depletion of biota and trawl penetration into the seabed are highly correlated. Otter trawls caused the least depletion, removing 6% of biota per pass and penetrating the seabed on average down to 2.4 cm, whereas hydraulic dredges caused the most depletion, removing 41% of biota and penetrating the seabed on average 16.1 cm. Median recovery times posttrawling (from 50 to 95% of unimpacted biomass) ranged between 1.9 and 6.4 y. By accounting for the effects of penetration depth, environmental variation, and uncertainty, the models explained much of the variability of depletion and recovery estimates from single studies. Coupled with large-scale, high-resolution maps of trawling frequency and habitat, our estimates of depletion and recovery rates enable the assessment of trawling impacts on unprecedented spatial scales.