Experimental manipulation of soil-surface albedo alters phenology and growth of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass)
Experimental manipulation of soil-surface albedo alters phenology and growth of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass)
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-023-05929-4
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发表时间：
2023-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
T. Maxwell;M. Germino;Seth Romero;Lauren M. Porensky;D. Blumenthal;Cynthia S. Brown;P. Adler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Maxwell;M. Germino;Seth Romero;Lauren M. Porensky;D. Blumenthal;Cynthia S. Brown;P. Adler
目的利用原位温度实验方法，直接测量野生植物对温度的敏感性。研究表明，土壤表面温度和密度(每平方米)对短龄入侵冬季一年生雀麦的萌发、生长和物候有显著影响，并评估了一种新的实验温度操纵方法：应用黑白砾石来温暖和冷却土壤表面。方法在美国西部的博伊西和怀俄明州夏延两个地点，监测了雀麦在低密度和高密度下播种到彩色砾石中的高度、种子产量和物候反应。结果在夏延和博伊西，黑色砾石使表层土壤平均温度分别比白色砾石提高1.6C和2.6C，使土壤温度 >； 增加21~24d，使早熟禾萌发时间提前，使早熟禾高度增加2.8倍。较高的播种密度导致两个地点黑色砾石地的植株高度增加了1.4倍，而博伊西地点的白色砾石地却没有，这表明在较暖的处理中，由于植物聚集，可能产生了热效益或减少了水分需求。结论操纵土壤表面反照率改变了土壤小气候，从而改变了雀麦草的生长和物候，其生活史和生长形式对土壤表面条件有很强的依赖性。
PurposeThe sensitivity of wildland plants to temperature can be directly measured using experimental manipulations of temperature in situ. We show that soil surface temperature and plant density (per square meter) have a significant impact on the germination, growth, and phenology ofBromus tectorumL., cheatgrass, a short-statured invasive winter-annual grass, and assess a new experimental temperature manipulation method: the application of black and white gravel to warm and cool the soil surface.MethodsWe monitored height, seed production, and phenological responses of cheatgrass, seeded into colored gravel at low and high densities at two sites in the western USA: Boise, ID and Cheyenne, WY. Soil surface temperature and volumetric water content were measured to assess treatment effects on soil surface microclimate.ResultsBlack gravel increased mean temperatures of the surface soil by 1.6 and 2.6 °C compared to white gravel in Cheyenne and Boise, respectively, causing 21–24 more days with soil temperatures > 0 °C, earlier cheatgrass germination, and up to 2.8-fold increases in cheatgrass height. Higher seeding density of cheatgrass led to 1.4-fold taller plants on black gravel plots at both sites, but not white gravel at the Boise site, indicating a possible thermal benefit or reduction of water demand due to plant clustering in warmer treatments.ConclusionsManipulating soil-surface albedo altered the soil microclimate and thus growth and phenology of cheatgrass, whose life history and growth form confer a strong dependency on soil-surface conditions.