The nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral proteins
The nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral proteins
复制标题
病毒蛋白的核细胞质转运
DOI：
10.1007/s12250-010-3099-z
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Zheng, Alan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Qiong;Zhao, Lei;Zheng, Alan C.
分子可以通过被动扩散或主动传输机制进入原子核，这取决于它们的大小。大到50-60 kDa或直径小于10 nm的小分子可以通过核孔复合体被动扩散，而大多数蛋白质是通过能量驱动的运输机制进行运输的。病毒蛋白的主动转运是由核定位信号(NLS)介导的，NLS最先在猿猴病毒40大T抗原中被发现，随后在大量病毒蛋白中被发现。它们通常含有短长度的赖氨酸或精氨酸残基。这些信号被Importin超家族(Importinα和beta)识别，这些蛋白质通过Ran-GTP介导核膜的运输。相比之下，目前只有一类病毒蛋白上的富含亮氨酸的核输出信号(NES)为人所知。染色体区域维持1(CRM1)蛋白通过识别富含亮氨酸的NES介导数百种病毒蛋白的核输出。
Molecules can enter the nucleus by passive diffusion or active transport mechanisms, depending on their size. Small molecules up to size of 50-60 kDa or less than 10 nm in diameter can diffuse passively through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), while most proteins are transported by energy driven transport mechanisms. Active transport of viral proteins is mediated by nuclear localization signals (NLS), which were first identified in Simian Virus 40 large T antigen and had subsequently been identified in a large number of viral proteins. Usually they contain short stretches of lysine or arginine residues. These signals are recognized by the importin super-family (importin alpha and beta) proteins that mediate the transport across the nuclear envelope through Ran-GTP. In contrast, only one class of the leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) on viral proteins is known at present. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) protein mediates nuclear export of hundreds of viral proteins through the recognition of the leucine-rich NES.