Fault-controlled evaporite deformation in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean

Fault-controlled evaporite deformation in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean
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东地中海黎凡特盆地断层控制的蒸发岩变形

DOI:
10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.002
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Hübscher
Hübscher
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reiche;Hübscher

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在梅西尼亚盐度危机期间,在地中海最东端的莱万特盆地沉淀了一个厚度为1.5公里的多层盐巨。这种地质上年轻的盐层的早期变形通常只能用重力驱动的过程来解释。基于高质量的深度偏移地震资料,首次揭示了盐下伸展断裂对列凡特盆地梅西系蒸发岩内部变形模式的影响。伸展断裂作用始于中中新世,一直持续到梅西晚期。我们认为,断层作用导致了蒸发岩单元内断层传播褶皱的发育。随后,褶皱可能适应了拉塔基亚海脊的构造缩短,并演化为目前观察到的复杂的蒸发岩内褶皱模式。虽然断层控制的蒸发岩变形只在列凡特盆地的北部明显,但蒸发岩越来越受到尼罗河向南的不同泥沙负荷的影响。在局部地区,盐下区振幅降低的区域终止于蒸发岩下部的反相亮点,表明流体活动迁移和潜在的蒸发岩溶解。最后,在模型处理和剩余时差分析的基础上,建立了高分辨率的梅西系蒸发岩速度模型。相对较高的层速度(3850~4240 km/S)与盐岩相一致,而较低的反射层速度(3650~4030 km/S)可能指向类似石膏的低速蒸发岩相的存在。
During the Messinian Salinity Crisis a multi-layered salt giant of 1.5 km thickness was precipitated in the Levant Basin, easternmost Mediterranean Sea. Incipient deformation of this geologically young salt layer was commonly explained by gravity-driven processes only. Based on high-quality depth-migrated seismic data, we show for the first time, how sub-salt extensional faults influence the internal deformation pattern of the Messinian evaporites in the Levant Basin. Extensional faulting started in the Middle Miocene and lasted until Late Messinian times. We suggest faulting to have caused the development of fault-propagation folds within the evaporite unit. Subsequently, folds may have accommodated tectonic shortening at the Latakia Ridge and evolved into the presently observed complex intra-evaporite fold pattern. While fault-controlled evaporite deformation is evident in the northern part of the Levant Basin only, evaporites are increasingly influenced by Nile-derived differential sediment loading towards the south. Locally, zones of reduced amplitudes in the sub-salt domain terminate into phase-reversed bright spots within the lower part of the evaporites, indicating active fluid migration and potentially evaporite dissolution. Finally, we present a high-resolution velocity model of the Messinian evaporites, based on model-based processing and residual moveout analysis. Relatively high interval velocities of acoustically transparent evaporites (3850–4240 km/s) are consistent with halite, whereas lower velocities of reflective layers (3650–4030 km/s) may point towards the presence of low-velocity evaporite facies like gypsum.
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