Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species
Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.97.4.1630
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发表时间：
2000-02-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Inouye, BD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inouye, DW;Barr, B;Inouye, BD
在科罗拉多落基山脉的高海拔地区，生长季节开始的日历日期是可变的，但在过去25年中没有显著变化。这一结果与低海拔地区越来越多的证据不同，低海拔地区的气候变化导致了更长的生长季节，更早的迁移和更早的繁殖，在我们的研究地点，生长季节的开始受到前一个冬天积雪融化的控制。尽管春季气温有变暖的趋势，但融雪的平均日期并没有改变，这可能是因为冬季降水量增加的趋势。这种低海拔和高海拔的物候学之间的脱节可能会给物种带来问题，例如许多鸟类，它们会在海拔梯度上迁移。我们目前的数据表明，这可能已经是真实的美国知更鸟，这是14天前到达比他们在1981年，到达日期和第一天的裸露地面之间的间隔已经增长了18天。我们还报告了气候变化对冬眠行为影响的证据;黄腹土拨鼠比23年前提前38天出现，显然是对春季气温升高的反应。候鸟和冬眠动物可能会遇到问题，这些物候变化的结果，这可能会加剧，如果气候模型是正确的，在他们的预测增加冬季降雪在我们的研究领域。我们报告的趋势，形成较早的永久积雪和较长时间的积雪覆盖也有影响冬眠物种。
Calendar date of the beginning of the growing season at high altitude in the Colorado Rocky Mountains is variable but has not changed significantly over the past 25 years. This result differs from growing evidence from low altitudes that climate change is resulting in a longer growing season, earlier migrations, and earlier reproduction in a variety of taxa, At our study site, the beginning of the growing season is controlled by melting of the previous winter's snowpack. Despite a trend for warmer spring temperatures the average date of snowmelt has not changed, perhaps because of the trend for increased winter precipitation. This disjunction between phenology at low and high altitudes may create problems for species, such as many birds, that migrate over altitudinal gradients. We present data indicating that this already may be true for American robins, which are arriving 14 days earlier than they did in 1981; the interval between arrival date and the first date of bare ground has grown by 18 days. We also report evidence for an effect of climate change on hibernation behavior; yellow-bellied marmots are emerging 38 days earlier than 23 years ago, apparently in response to warmer spring air temperatures. Migrants and hibernators may experience problems as a consequence of these changes in phenology, which may be exacerbated if climate models are correct in their predictions of increased winter snowfall in our study area. The trends we report for earlier formation of permanent snowpack and for a longer period of snow cover also have implications for hibernating species.