Toxic marine microalgae and shellfish poisoning in the British isles: history, review of epidemiology, and future implications.
Toxic marine microalgae and shellfish poisoning in the British isles: history, review of epidemiology, and future implications.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-10-54
复制
发表时间：
2011-06-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gravenor MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hinder SL;Hays GC;Brooks CJ;Davies AP;Edwards M;Walne AW;Gravenor MB
近年来，有毒海洋微藻物种与气候变化之间的关系已成为备受关注和广泛讨论的话题，研究重点是水文条件变化对世界各地有害藻华（HAB）物种未来可能产生的影响。然而，关于这些物种对海洋生物和人类健康的流行病学的文献很少。在这里，我们通过两种方式检查英国各地有毒微藻物种的现状：首先，我们描述关键的毒性综合症，并从英国记录和监测程序中收集有关其流行病学的不同报告数据。其次，利用 NHS 入院记录和威尔士的全科医生记录，我们尝试从独立来源量化贝类中毒的发生率。我们发现，在英国，贝类中毒的爆发很少见，但每年都会在不同地区发生，并影响多种软体动物贝类和其他海洋生物。我们还表明，物种的丰度不一定与有毒事件的发生率相关。根据医院的常规记录，英国贝类中毒的数量非常低，但所涉及的毒素的鉴定，甚至中毒事件的确认都极难诊断。有效的贝类监测系统可以在毒素超过正常限度时关闭水产养殖场，这显然防止了对人类健康的严重影响，并且仍然是监测对人类健康潜在威胁的唯一可行手段。然而，关闭这些地点会产生不利的经济影响，而且监测系统并不包括所有有毒浮游生物。因此，有毒微藻物种可能的地理扩散令人担忧，因为大西洋温暖的水域可能适合几种具有南方生物地理亲缘关系的物种，使它们能够占据英国沿海地区，但尚未受到监测或被认为是有害的。
The relationship between toxic marine microalgae species and climate change has become a high profile and well discussed topic in recent years, with research focusing on the possible future impacts of changing hydrological conditions on Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species around the world. However, there is very little literature concerning the epidemiology of these species on marine organisms and human health. Here, we examine the current state of toxic microalgae species around the UK, in two ways: first we describe the key toxic syndromes and gather together the disparate reported data on their epidemiology from UK records and monitoring procedures. Secondly, using NHS hospital admissions and GP records from Wales, we attempt to quantify the incidence of shellfish poisoning from an independent source. We show that within the UK, outbreaks of shellfish poisoning are rare but occurring on a yearly basis in different regions and affecting a diverse range of molluscan shellfish and other marine organisms. We also show that the abundance of a species does not necessarily correlate to the rate of toxic events. Based on routine hospital records, the numbers of shellfish poisonings in the UK are very low, but the identification of the toxin involved, or even a confirmation of a poisoning event is extremely difficult to diagnose. An effective shellfish monitoring system, which shuts down aquaculture sites when toxins exceed regularity limits, has clearly prevented serious impact to human health, and remains the only viable means of monitoring the potential threat to human health. However, the closure of these sites has an adverse economic impact, and the monitoring system does not include all toxic plankton. The possible geographic spreading of toxic microalgae species is therefore a concern, as warmer waters in the Atlantic could suit several species with southern biogeographical affinities enabling them to occupy the coastal regions of the UK, but which are not yet monitored or considered to be detrimental.