EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC PIGEONS AS SENTINELS FOR DETECTING ARBOVIRUS ACTIVITY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC PIGEONS AS SENTINELS FOR DETECTING ARBOVIRUS ACTIVITY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.69
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
PRESSER, SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
REISEN, WK;HARDY, JL;PRESSER, SB
在南加州，哨兵家鸽（哥伦比亚利维亚）群与哨兵鸡群同时检测到圣路易斯脑炎（SLE）和西部马脑脊髓炎（WEE）病毒活动增加。然而，在哨兵鸡血清转化、从库蚊中分离病毒或人类疾病未检测到病毒活性的时期，鸽子中也会偶尔发生低滴度、短暂的 WEE 和 SLE 病毒血清转化。此外，通过血凝抑制（HI）测试在鸽子中检测到的SLE病毒血清转化通常无法通过对同一血清进行空斑减少中和测试（PRNT）或通过对同一家禽的下个月血清样本进行HI测试来证实。对鸽子皮下接种 SLE (SOUE 16-84) 病毒的实验感染研究证实，鸽子产生了低滴度和短暂的 HI 抗体，PRNT 很少检测到这些抗体。相比之下，WEE (BFS 1703) 病毒的实验性感染产生了升高的抗体反应，该反应可通过 HI 检测到 8-12 周，并通过 PRNT 检测到至少 25 周。感染 SLE 病毒的鸽子很少出现可检测到的病毒血症，而大多数感染 WEE 病毒的鸽子在感染后第一天出现病毒血症，并持续两到三天。宿主偏好研究表明，与鸡相比，鸽子的吸引力较低，因为猪油中的诱饵可以诱捕寻找宿主的库蚊，而且在哨兵位置附近收集的充满血液的雌性库蚊更频繁地以鸡形目鸟类为食，而不是哥伦比亚形鸟类。总的来说，这些结果表明哨兵鸽不能充分替代哨兵鸡来监测 WEE 或 SLE 病毒，并且将成为 SLE 病毒的死胡同宿主。
Flocks of sentinel domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) detected increases in St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus activity in southern California concurrently with flocks of sentinel chickens. However, occasional low-titered, transient seroconversions to both WEE and SLE viruses also occurred in pigeons during periods when virus activity was not detected by seroconversions in sentinel chickens, by virus isolation from Culex mosquitoes, or by human disease. Moreover, SLE virus seroconversions detected in pigeons by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test frequently could not be confirmed either by a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) on the same sera, or by an HI test on the next monthly serum sample from the same bird. Experimental infection studies, in which pigeons were inoculated subcutaneously with SLE (SOUE 16-84) virus, confirmed that pigeons developed low-titered and transient HI antibodies that were detectable infrequently by PRNT. In contrast, experimental infection with WEE (BFS 1703) virus produced elevated antibody responses that were detectable by HI for 8-12 weeks and by PRNT for at least 25 weeks. Pigeons infected with SLE virus rarely developed detectable viremias, whereas most birds infected with WEE virus developed viremias on postinfection day 1 that persisted for two or three days. Host-preference studies indicated that pigeons were less attractive as bait in lard can traps to host-seeking Culex mosquitoes than were chickens, and that blood-engorged Culex females collected near sentinel locations fed more frequently upon galliform than columbiform birds. Collectively, these results indicated that sentinel pigeons would not provide an adequate replacement for sentinel chickens to monitor WEE or SLE viruses, and would be a dead-end host for SLE virus.