Deformation Compensation During Buoyancy-Enabled Inkjet Printing of Three-Dimensional Soft Tubular Structures
Deformation Compensation During Buoyancy-Enabled Inkjet Printing of Three-Dimensional Soft Tubular Structures
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4037996
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Huang, Yong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christensen, Kyle;Zhang, Zhengyi;Huang, Yong
在使用生物打印制造的各种组织中，三维（3D）软管状结构通常是焦点，因为它们解决了对贯穿厚组织的可打印脉管系统的需求，并提供了作为生物学研究的可灌注平台的潜力。按需滴墨喷墨已经被青睐为从各种水凝胶生物墨水打印这种3D柔性管状结构的有效技术。在基于水凝胶的柔性管状结构的浮力使能的喷墨制造期间，它们保持浸没在溶液中，该溶液交联打印的结构并提供支撑浮力。然而，由于结构的低刚度，打印管的结构变形对过程有效性和效率构成了重大挑战。为了克服在浮力使能的喷墨打印期间的这种结构变形，开发了预测补偿方法以将变形容限结合到设计形状中。周向变形通过四区方法解决，包括基础区、圆形区、垂直区和跨越区，用于确定设计的横截面或补偿打印路径。轴向变形通过基于给定横截面到分支管连接处的距离修改所提出的周向补偿来解决。发现这些方法能够成功地制造具有近乎理想几何形状的直的和分支的藻酸盐管状结构，为浮力使能的喷墨技术的广泛实施提供了良好的基础。虽然喷墨在本文中被研究为模型生物打印过程，但所得到的知识也适用于其他浮力使能的生物打印技术。
Of various tissues being fabricated using bioprinting, three-dimensional (3D) soft tubular structures have often been the focus since they address the need for printable vasculature throughout a thick tissue and offer potential as perfusable platforms for biological studies. Drop-on-demand inkjetting has been favored as an effective technique to print such 3D soft tubular structures from various hydrogel bioinks. During the buoyancy-enabled inkjet fabrication of hydrogel-based soft tubular structures, they remain submerged in a solution, which crosslinks the printed structures and provides a supporting buoyant force. However, because of the low stiffness of the structures, the structural deformation of printed tubes poses a significant challenge to the process effectiveness and efficiency. To overcome this structural deformation during buoyancy-enabled inkjet printing, predictive compensation approaches are developed to incorporate deformation allowance into the designed shape. Circumferential deformation is addressed by a four-zone approach, which includes base, circular, vertical, and spanning zones for the determination of a designed cross section or compensated printing path. Axial deformation is addressed by the modification of the proposed circumferential compensation based on the distance of a given cross section to the junction of a branching tube. These approaches are found to enable the successful fabrication of straight and branching alginate tubular structures with nearly ideal geometry, providing a good foundation for the wide implementation of the buoyancy-enabled inkjetting technique. While inkjetting is studied herein as a model bioprinting process, the resulting knowledge also applies to other buoyancy-enabled bioprinting techniques.