Predicting Solar Cell Performance from Terahertz and Microwave Spectroscopy
Predicting Solar Cell Performance from Terahertz and Microwave Spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1002/aenm.202102776
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发表时间：
2022-02-26
影响因子：
27.8
通讯作者：
Unold, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hempel, Hannes;Savenjie, Tom J.;Unold, Thomas
光电载流子的迁移率和寿命是光伏材料的核心特性，可以通过非接触式太赫兹或微波测量来表征。在这里，来自15个实验室的专业知识被结合起来，定量模拟太阳能电池的电流-电压特性。为此，以（Cs，FA，MA）Pb(I,Br)(3)卤化物钙钛矿薄膜为例，讨论了测量条件、交替解释和实验实验室间变化的影响。在1太阳等效激发下，激子的形成和俘获对输运和复合都没有显著影响。整齐材料的太赫兹、微波和光致发光瞬态产生一致的有效寿命，这意味着无电阻的jv曲线具有24.6%的潜在功率转换效率。对于粒径约为20 nm以上的晶粒，晶粒内电荷输运的特征是太赫兹和迁移率约为32 cm(2) v - 1s（-1）。漂移扩散模拟表明，这些颗粒内迁移率可以将钙钛矿太阳能电池的填充因子略微降低到0.82，与文献中实现最好的器件一致。除了钙钛矿之外，这项工作还可以指导任何用于光伏或光电化学能量转换的新兴半导体的高度预测性表征。介绍了光伏材料太赫兹和微波测量解释的最佳实践。
Mobilities and lifetimes of photogenerated charge carriers are core properties of photovoltaic materials and can both be characterized by contactless terahertz or microwave measurements. Here, the expertise from fifteen laboratories is combined to quantitatively model the current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell from such measurements. To this end, the impact of measurement conditions, alternate interpretations, and experimental inter-laboratory variations are discussed using a (Cs,FA,MA)Pb(I,Br)(3) halide perovskite thin-film as a case study. At 1 sun equivalent excitation, neither transport nor recombination is significantly affected by exciton formation or trapping. Terahertz, microwave, and photoluminescence transients for the neat material yield consistent effective lifetimes implying a resistance-free JV-curve with a potential power conversion efficiency of 24.6 %. For grainsizes above approximate to 20 nm, intra-grain charge transport is characterized by terahertz sum mobilities of approximate to 32 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Drift-diffusion simulations indicate that these intra-grain mobilities can slightly reduce the fill factor of perovskite solar cells to 0.82, in accordance with the best-realized devices in the literature. Beyond perovskites, this work can guide a highly predictive characterization of any emerging semiconductor for photovoltaic or photoelectrochemical energy conversion. A best practice for the interpretation of terahertz and microwave measurements on photovoltaic materials is presented.