Fluctuating asymmetry, abnormalities and parasitism as indicators of environmental stress in cultured stocks of goldfish and carp
Fluctuating asymmetry, abnormalities and parasitism as indicators of environmental stress in cultured stocks of goldfish and carp
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.003
复制
发表时间：
2008-07-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Elvira, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Almeida, D.;Almodovar, A.;Elvira, B.
了解圈养和环境压力对鱼类种群的影响是出于观赏、保护或开发目的养殖鱼类的基础。本研究的目的是测试圈养如何影响形态发展的双边字符和是否波动的不对称性，形态异常和体外寄生虫水平反映了发展压力所造成的不利环境条件下，在两种鲤科鱼类，金鱼鲫鱼和两个品种的鲤鱼鲤鱼，鳞和镜鲤。人工饲养的样品在环境条件较差的人工池塘（西班牙马德里市）捕获;而自然界的样品在埃布罗河流域（西班牙东北部）捕获。对两个样本的6个分生性状和4个形态计量学双侧性状进行了测量和比较，并记录了形态异常和体外寄生虫的发生率。结果表明，笼养金鱼的侧线鳞片数、侧线以上鳞片列数、胸鳍和腹鳍长度均显著低于对照组。圈养鲤鱼表现出显着较短的第一触须和较长的腹鳍。观赏金鱼的胸鳍，侧线，侧线以下的鳞片行和胸鳍和腹鳍的长度的分支射线的数量比野生样品的波动不对称性显着较高的水平。观赏鲤除胸鳍长和第二须长外，其它性状的变化趋势与观赏鱼相似。在人工池塘中，鲤鱼的异常发生率较高，而金鱼的体外寄生虫发生率较高。这些事实支持了不同物种对环境压力的反应的假设。总体结果表明，人工池塘中的鱼类受到过度拥挤和水质下降等不利条件造成的环境压力。此外，在这项研究中估计的参数意味着一个有用的工具，以检测封闭的鱼类发育不稳定性。(C)2008 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Knowledge about the effects of captivity and environmental stress on fish populations is basic to culture them for ornamental, conservation or exploitation purposes. The aim of this study was to test how captivity affect morphological development of bilateral characters and whether levels of fluctuating asymmetry, morphological abnormalities and ectoparasites reflect developmental stress caused by adverse environmental conditions in two species of cyprinids, goldfish Carassius auratus and two varieties of carp Cyprinus carpio, scale and mirror carp. Samples from captivity were caught in an artificial pond (Madrid City, Spain), which presents poor environmental conditions; while samples from nature were captured in the Ebro River basin (NE Spain). Six meristic and four morphometric bilateral characters were measured and compared between the two samples, Additionally, the incidence of morphological abnormalities and ectoparasites was also recorded. Captive goldfish presented significant lower number of scales of the lateral line, scale rows above lateral line and length of pectoral and ventral fins. Captive carps showed significant shorter first barbels and longer ventral fins. Ornamental goldfish showed significant higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry than wild samples for number of branched rays of pectoral fin, lateral line, scale rows below lateral line and length of pectoral and ventral fins. Ornamental carps presented a similar trend for the same characters, except for branched rays and length of pectoral fins, together with the length of second barbels. in the artificial pond, the incidence of abnormalities was higher in carp, whereas goldfish showed a higher occurrence of ectoparasites. These facts support the hypothesis of a different species response to environmental stress. The overall results indicate that fish from the artificial pond are subjected to environmental stress caused by adverse conditions such as overcrowding and lower water quality. Moreover, estimated parameters in this study mean a useful tool to detect developmental instability in confined fish. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.