Stratigraphy and otolith microchemistry of the naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) and their indication for water level of Lake Qinghai during the Ming Dynasty of China
Stratigraphy and otolith microchemistry of the naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) and their indication for water level of Lake Qinghai during the Ming Dynasty of China
复制标题
明代青海裸鲤地层和耳石微化学及其对青海湖水位的指示
DOI：
10.1007/s11430-014-4836-1
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Qi RuGui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Fei;Chen LiuMei;Qiu XinNing;Qi RuGui
耳石是硬骨鱼类内耳中的生物成因碳酸盐矿物，其组成可记录个体所处水环境的物理和化学条件。对青海湖鸟岛附近裸鲤的鱼骨和耳石进行了矿物学和微量化学成分的测定和分析。通过对比古、现代耳石的微量化学成分，结合鱼骨和耳石的AMS-14 C年龄，结合采样点的地层和周围地形，我们认为古裸鲤生活在一个由高湖面萎缩而形成的残湖中。AMS-14 C测年结果表明，裸鲤生活在距今680 ~ 300年的中国明朝时期。X射线衍射（XRD）图谱表明，古火山岩为纯文石，与现代火山岩完全相同，说明古火山岩的矿物成分在长期埋藏后没有发生变化，适合于以后的对比分析。微量化学结果表明，古火山灰的Mg/Ca比值（70.12±18.50）×10−5和δ 18 O（1.76±1.03）‰均显著高于现代火山灰（平均Mg/Ca=（3.11±0.41）× 10−5和δ 18 O =（-4.82 ±0.96）‰）。这反映出明代裸鲤生活的残存水体Mg/Ca和δ 18 O比值高于现代青海湖，这是由于与主湖隔绝后蒸发强烈所致，与今天的洱海相似。根据裸鲤遗骸的地层和海拔高度，推测明代青海湖湖面海拔至少达到3202 m，湖泊面积为4480 km 2，比现在大约1.5%。
Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chemical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modern otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-14C ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14C dating results of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, identical to modern one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn’t change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca ((70.12±18.50)×10−5) and δ18O ((1.76±1.03)‰) of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modern lapilli (average Mg/Ca=(3.11±0.41)× 10−5 and δ18O=(−4.82±0.96)‰). This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and δ18O ratios than modern Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today’s Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp remains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ∼5% larger than it is today.
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DOI：
10.1016/0031-0182(91)90041-o
发表时间：
1991-05-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
LISTER, GS;KELTS, K;NIESSEN, F
通讯作者：
NIESSEN, F
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Hoie, H;Otterlei, E;Folkvord, A
通讯作者：
Folkvord, A
DOI：
10.1007/s11430-008-0043-2
发表时间：
2008-05
期刊：
Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Guanguan Hu;Zhangdong Jin;Fei Zhang
通讯作者：
Guanguan Hu;Zhangdong Jin;Fei Zhang
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Kerr, LA;Andrews, AH;Cailliet, GM
通讯作者：
Cailliet, GM
DOI：
10.1029/gm078p0191
发表时间：
2013-04
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Patterson;Gerald R. Smith;K. C. Lohmann
通讯作者：
W. Patterson;Gerald R. Smith;K. C. Lohmann