Removal of cyanotoxins by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration
Removal of cyanotoxins by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration
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DOI：
10.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.053
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Heijman, SGJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gijsbertsen-Abrahamse, AJ;Schmidt, W;Heijman, SGJ
世界各地的饮用水库可能含有蓝藻。它们的蓝藻毒素对人类健康构成威胁。如果不能阻止蓝藻的生长和蓝藻毒素的产生，则需要在饮用水处理中去除细胞和毒素。超滤能够去除微生物（> 99.99%），但值得关注的一点是，由于饲料泵的剪切，可能会释放细胞结合的蓝藻毒素。纳滤可能能够去除溶解的蓝藻毒素，因为它能够去除其他有机微污染物。然而，排斥性在很大程度上取决于蓝藻毒素的性质、膜材料的性质和工艺条件。因此，本研究的目的是在实际相关的条件下，测定超滤法对细胞结合的蓝藻毒素和纳滤法对溶解的蓝藻毒素的去除效率。在德国图林根州的Weida水库中，用密集培养的agardhii浮游thrix和P. rubescens进行了超滤实验。在渗透液中检测到最多2%的细胞结合微囊藻毒素，从细胞释放到培养基中。因此，细胞的去除导致细胞结合微囊藻毒素的去除率超过98%。在这些实验中，藻蓝色素的释放与微囊藻毒素的释放相关。显微测量结果表明，绿僵菌的菌丝受到轻微损伤。在单螺旋缠绕纳滤膜实验中，微囊藻毒素和安纳托毒素a的排异率超过96%。这里提出的结果表明，当蓝藻和蓝藻毒素存在于原水，膜过滤是一个有用的处理。(c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Worldwide drinking water reservoirs may contain cyanobacteria. Their cyanotoxins pose a threat to human health. If growth of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin production cannot be prevented, cells and toxins need to be removed in drinking water treatment. Ultrafiltration is able to remove microorganisms (> 99.99%), but a point of concern is possible release of cell-bound cyanotoxins due to the shear of the feed pump. Nanofiltration may be capable of removing dissolved cyanotoxins, as it is able to remove other organic micropollutants. Rejection however strongly depends on the properties of the cyanotoxins, the properties of the membrane material and on the process conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the removal efficiency of cell-bound cyanotoxins by ultrafiltration and dissolved cyanotoxins by nanotiltration under practically relevant conditions. Ultrafiltration experiments were carried out with a dense cell-culture of Planktothrix agardhii and with a bloom of P. rubescens in the Weida reservoir in Thuringia, Germany. A maximum of 2% of the cell-bound microcystin, released from the cells into the medium, was detected in the permeate. Thus, the removal of the cells resulted in a removal of cell-bound microcystin of over 98%. During these experiments with P agardhii the release of the cyanopigment phycocyanin correlated with the microcystin release. Microscopic measurements indicated slight damage to the filaments of P. agardhii. In experiments with a single spiral wound nanofiltration membrane rejections of microcystins and anatoxin-a were over 96%. The results presented here reveal that when cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins are present in the raw water, membrane filtration is a useful treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.