Green Revolution, Human Capital, and Off‐Farm Employment: Changing Sources of Income among Farm Households in Central Luzon, 1966–1994
Green Revolution, Human Capital, and Off‐Farm Employment: Changing Sources of Income among Farm Households in Central Luzon, 1966–1994
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绿色革命、人力资本和非农就业：吕宋岛中部农户收入来源的变化，1966-1994 年
DOI：
10.1086/452417
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
K. Otsuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Estudillo;K. Otsuka
虽然众所周知，绿色革命对水稻产量和种植强度的影响是众所周知的，但对其对要素收入的影响却知之甚少。根据CC David和K.Otsuka对亚洲主要水稻种植区绿色革命的比较研究，采用现代水稻品种(MVS)的供水充足地区的土地要素份额大大高于不采用MVS的不利生产环境。我们称前者为有利地区，而不是后者的不利环境。更高的土地要素份额并不一定意味着MV技术是土地利用，因为有利的生产环境和MVS的采用都有助于在有利地区获得更高的土地回报。为了探索绿色革命的分配影响，有必要比较不同时间点退耕的变化。2绿色革命对劳动收入的影响是另一个重要问题。由于发展中国家的农业人口持续增加，为了实现公平增长，必须在农村地区创造就业机会，特别是为依赖农业劳动收入的穷人创造就业机会。否则，由于人口对有限土地资源的压力越来越大，农村工资将下降，向过度拥挤的城市地区的迁移将继续下去。尽管MV的采用对总劳动力需求的影响相对较小，但芝加哥大学1999年通过了这项研究。版权所有。
While the impact of the Green Revolution, represented by the adoption of fertilizer-responsive, high-yielding modern rice varieties, on rice yield and cropping intensity is well known, much less is known about its impact on factor incomes. According to a comparative study by CC David and K. Otsuka of the Green Revolution in major rice-growing areas of Asia, the factor share of land in areas with sufficient water supply, where modern rice varieties (MVs) were adopted, was substantially higher than in adverse production environments subject to flooding and drought, where MVs were not adopted. 1 We call the former areas favorable in contrast to the latter unfavorable environments. The higher factor share of land does not necessarily imply that MV technology is land using because both favorable production environments and the adoption of MVs contributed to the higher return to land in favorable areas. In order to explore the distributional impact of the Green Revolution, it will be necessary to compare changes in return to land in different points in time. 2 The effect of the Green Revolution on labor income is another important issue. Since the farm population continues to increase in developing countries, to achieve equitable growth, employment opportunities must be created in rural areas, particularly for the poor who are dependent on agricultural labor earnings. Otherwise, rural wages will decline due to increasing population pressure on limited land resources, and migration to overly congested urban areas will continue. Although the impact of MV adoption on total labor demand was relatively modest, its© 1999 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.